Table 5.

Predictors (Odds Ratios, 95% CI) of incident high depressive symptoms 12 months later^† in younger adolescent females in the US and Australia using 2,452 paired observations in which the participant did not report depressive symptoms at the first time point.

Predictive variables twelve months earlier.	Partially adjusted*	Additional adjustment for social context	Fully adjusted**
Pubertal stage
• Early	1.0	1.0	1.0
• Mid	1.5 (0.95, 2.3)	1.5 (0.94, 2.2)	1.1 (0.5, 2.6)
• Late	1.8 (1.1, 2.9)	1.7 (1.0, 2.8)	1.3 (0.5, 3.1)
Low family attachment		1.1 (0.9, 1.5)	1.1 (0.8, 1.5)
High family conflict		1.3 (1.0, 1.7)	1.2 (0.9, 1.6)
Low school connection		0.9 (0.7, 1.2)	0.8 (0.6, 1.2)
Bullying		1.1 (1.0, 1.3)	1.1 (0.97, 1.3)
Self-blaming coping style		n/a	1.2 (0.9, 1.6)
Poor emotional control		n/a	1.8 (1.4, 2.4)
Low self-efficacy		n/a	1.0 (0.7, 1.2)

^†Psychosocial predictors are dichotomous variables comparing upper tertile with lower two tertiles, with the exception of bullying that was measured on a 4-point ordinal scale.

^*Adjusted for pubertal stage change (mid-mid, mid-late, late-late), age, school grade level, state of origin, and previous level of depressive symptoms.

^**Adjusted for all other variables in the model. N of 1701 was lower as the data on individual characteristics was only available for the older two cohorts