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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2010 Nov 15.
Published in final edited form as: Subst Use Misuse. 2009;44(8):1142–1159. doi: 10.1080/10826080802495211

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Theoretical Model. Note. a = stability coefficient, b = self-medication, c = impaired functioning, d = stake in conformity, e = peer socialization, f = cumulative continuity of disadvantage, g = peer selection. All hypothesized relationships are positive.