Table 1.

Notable randomized trials of combined androgen deprivation and external beam radiation therapy in locally advanced prostate cancer.

Trial	Number of patients	Inclusion criteria	Type of ADT	Radiation dose	Timing of ADT	Effect of ADT
EORTC22	415	T1–2 grade 3, or T3–4 disease; N0–1, M0	GnRH agonist as concurrent or adjuvant therapy versus radiation therapy alone	Prostatic bed: up to 70|Gy Pelvis: 50|Gy (all patients)	Starting on day of radiation therapy and continued for 3^years	Improved overall survival (78% vs 62%); improved DFS (64% vs 40%)
RTOG 85–3123	997	Any clinical T3 or T1–2 disease with local nodal involvement	GnRH agonist as adjuvant therapy versus radiation alone	Prostatic bed: 65–70|Gy Pelvis: 44–50|Gy when indicated	Starting during last week of radiation therapy and continued indefinitely	Overall survival benefit (49% vs 39%)a; improved DFS (37% vs 23%)
RTOG 86–1024	471	Bulky tumor T2–4 with or without local nodal involvement	Neoadjuvant or concurrent therapy with CAB versus radiation therapy alone	Prostatic bed: 65–72|Gy Pelvis: 44–50|Gy (all patients)	Starting 2^months before radiation therapy; 4^months total therapy	No change in overall survival; improved DFS (33% vs 21%)b
TROG 96.0125	818	T2b–4 disease; N0, M0	Neoadjuvant therapy for 0, 3 or 6^months with CAB	Prostatic bed: 66|Gy Pelvis: none	Starting 2 or 5^months before radiation therapy according to study arm	No change in overall survival; improved DFS with 6-month and 3-month ADT compared with no ADT (52% vs 49% vs 32%)

^aOverall survival benefit significant in Gleason stage 7–10, based on subset analysis.

^bSubset analysis shows advantage in progression-free survival limited to Gleason stage 2–6 disease.

Abbreviations: ADT, androgen deprivation therapy; CAB, combined androgen blockade; DFS, disease-free survival; EORTC, European Organisation for the Research and Treatment of Cancer; GnRH, gonadotropin releasing hormone; RTOG, Radiation Therapy Oncology Group; TROG, Trans-Tasman Radiation Oncology Group.