Table 1.

Central and peripheral location of neuro-endocrine substances involved in male and female reproduction of hermaphroditic freshwater snails.

Sex		Transmitter		Ganglion		Neuron cluster		References
Male		APGW		Cerebral		Anterior lobe		Li et al. (1992); Smit et al. (1992); De Lange and Van Minnen (1998); Koene et al. (2000)
						Ventral lobe		Croll and Van Minnen (1992); De Lange et al. (1997)
						Ring neuron		Croll and Van Minnen (1992)
				Pedal		Ib cluster		De Lange et al. (1997)
				Peripheral		Sensory preputium cells		De Lange et al. (1998a)
		Conopressin		Cerebral		Anterior lobe		Smit et al. (1992); Croll and Van Minnen (1992); De Lange et al. (1997)
						Ventral lobe		Croll and Van Minnen (1992); De Lange et al. (1997)
				Peripheral		Sensory preputium cells		De Lange et al. (1998a)
		C-terminally located anterior lobe peptide (CALP)		Cerebral		Anterior lobe		Li et al. (1992); Smit et al. (1992)
		DEILSR		Pleural and Parietal		Dispersed neurons		Van Golen et al. (1995a); De Lange et al. (1998b)
		EFLRI		Cerebral		Ventral lobe		Bright et al. (1993); Santama et al. (1993, 1995); Van Golen et al. (1995a)
		FLRF		Cerebral		Ventral lobe		Bright et al. (1993); Santama et al. (1993, 1995); Van Golen et al. (1995a)
		FMRF		Cerebral		Ventral lobe		Schott and Boer (1982)
		FVRIs		Cerebral		Anterior lobe		El Filali et al. (2006)
				Pleural and Parietal		Dispersed neurons
				Pedal		Ib cluster
		G/SDPFLRF		Pleural and Parietal		Dispersed neurons		Van Golen et al. (1995a)
		Gonadotropin releasing hormone		Cerebral		Ventral lobe		Young et al. (1999)
		(GnRH)				Lateral lobes
		Lymnaea inhibitory peptides (LIP A, B, C)		Cerebral		Ventral lobe		Van Golen et al. (1995a,b); Smit et al. (2003)
				Pleural and Parietal		Dispersed neurons		De Lange et al. (1998b)
				Peripheral		Sensory preputium cells		De Lange et al. (1998a)
		Lymnaea neuropeptide Y (LyNPY)		Cerebral		Anterior lobeVentral lobe Ventral lobe		Croll and Van Minnen (1992); Smit et al. (1992); De Lange et al. (1997)
				Pleural and Parietal		Dispersed neurons
				Pedal		Ib cluster		De Lange et al. (1997)
		Myomodulins		Cerebral Pedal		Ventral lobe Ib cluster		Li et al. (1994a); Van Golen et al. (1996)
		Pedal peptide (PP)		Cerebral		Anterior lobe		Croll and Van Minnen (1992); De Lange et al. (1997)
						Ventral lobe
				Pleural and Parietal		Dispersed neurons
				Peripheral		Sensory preputium cells		De Lange et al. (1998a)
		pQFYRI		Cerebral		Ventral lobe		Bright et al. (1993); Santama et al. (1993, 1995); Van Golen et al. (1995a)
		SEEPLY		Cerebral		Ventral lobe		Bright et al. (1993); Santama et al. (1993, 1995); Van Golen et al. (1995a)
		Serotonin (5HT)		Pedal		Ventral lobe		Kemenes et al. (1989)
				Cerebral		Ib cluster		Elekes et al. (1988); Croll and Chiasson (1989); Kemenes et al. (1989); Hetherington et al. (1994)
Female		1788Da: HF(FH)FYGPYDVFQRDV		Cerebral		Caudodorsal cells		Jiménez et al. (2004)
		5895Da		Cerebral		Caudodorsal cells		Jiménez et al. (2004)
		Amino terminal peptide (Nt)		Cerebral		Caudodorsal cells		Geraerts et al. (1983, 1985); Vreugdenhil et al. (1988); Li et al. (1994b)
		Calfluxin (CaFl)		Cerebral		Caudodorsal cells		Geraerts et al. (1983, 1985); Vreugdenhil et al. (1988); Li et al. (1994b)
		Carboxyl terminal peptide (CTP)		Cerebral		Caudodorsal cells		Geraerts et al. (1983, 1985); Vreugdenhil et al. (1988); Li et al. (1994b)
		Caudodorsal cell hormone (CDCH)		Cerebral		Caudodorsal cells		Geraerts et al. (1983, 1985); Vreugdenhil et al. (1988); Li et al. (1994b)
		Caudodorsal cell peptide α (α-CDCP)		Cerebral		Caudodorsal cells		Geraerts et al. (1983, 1985); Vreugdenhil et al. (1988); Li et al. (1994b)
		Caudodorsal cell peptide β1 (β1-CDCP)		Cerebral		Caudodorsal cells		Geraerts et al. (1983, 1985); Vreugdenhil et al. (1988); Li et al. (1994b)
		Caudodorsal cell peptide β2 (β2-CDCP)		Cerebral		Caudodorsal cells		Geraerts et al. (1983, 1985); Vreugdenhil et al. (1988); Li et al. (1994b)
		Caudodorsal cell peptide β3 (β3-CDCP)		Cerebral		Caudodorsal cells		Geraerts et al. (1983, 1985); Vreugdenhil et al. (1988); Li et al. (1994b)
		Dorsal body hormone (DBH)		Supracerebral		Dorsal bodies		Joosse (1964); Geraerts and Joosse (1975); Wijdenes et al. (1983)
		LFRF		Cerebral		Lateral lobes		Hoek et al. (2005)
		Gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH)		Cerebral		Lateral lobes		Young et al. (1999)
		γ-Peptide		Cerebral		Caudodorsal cells		Geraerts et al. (1983, 1985); Vreugdenhil et al. (1988); Li et al. (1994b)
		δ-Peptide		Cerebral		Caudodorsal cells		Geraerts et al. (1983, 1985); Vreugdenhil et al. (1988); Li et al. (1994b)
		ε-Peptide		Cerebral		Caudodorsal cells		Geraerts et al. (1983, 1985); Vreugdenhil et al. (1988); Li et al. (1994b)