Table 3.
Effects of the neuro-endocrine substances involved in male and female reproduction of hermaphroditic freshwater snails.
| Sex | Transmitter | Effect | References |
|---|---|---|---|
| Male | APGW | Eversion of preputium | De Boer et al. (1997a,b) |
| Relaxation of preputium retractor muscles | Croll et al. (1991) | ||
| Inhibition of excitatory effect of conopressin | Van Golen et al. (1995a,b); Van Kesteren et al. (1995a,b,c, 1996) | ||
| Hyperpolarization of CDCs and LGCs | Croll et al. (1991) | ||
| Conopressin | Stimulation of vas deferens’ contractions | Van Golen et al. (1995a,b) | |
| Inhibition of CDC activity | Van Kesteren et al. (1995a,b,c) | ||
| C-terminally located Anterior Lobe Peptide (CALP) | Unknown | ||
| DEILSR | Unknown | ||
| EFLRI | Unknown | ||
| FLRF | Contraction of preputium retractor muscles | Van Golen et al. (1995a) | |
| FMRF | Eversion of preputium | Muschamp and Fong (2001); Fong et al. (2005) | |
| Contraction of preputium retractor muscles | Van Golen et al. (1995a) | ||
| Inhibition of CDC activity | Brussaard et al. (1990) | ||
| FVRIs | Inhibition of vas deferens’ contractions | El Filali et al. (2006) | |
| G/SDPFLRF | Relaxation of preputium retractor muscles | Van Golen et al. (1995a) | |
| Gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) | Unknown | ||
| Lymnaea inhibitory peptides (LIP A, B, C) | Relaxation of preputium retractor muscles | Li et al. (1992) | |
| Reduction of amplitude of preputium retractor muscles contractions | Van Golen et al. (1995b); Smit et al. (2003) | ||
| Lymnaea neuropeptide Y (LyNPY) | Relaxation of preputium retractor muscles | Li et al. (1992) | |
| Inhibition of egg laying and reduction of growth | De Jong-Brink et al. (2001) | ||
| Myomodulins | Relaxation of preputium retractor muscles | Li et al. (1992) | |
| Modulation of amplitude of preputium retractor muscles contractions | Van Golen et al. (1996) | ||
| Pedal peptide (PP) | Unknown | ||
| pQFYRI | Unknown | ||
| SEEPLY | Unknown | ||
| Serotonin (5HT) | Contraction of preputium retractor muscles | Croll and Chiasson (1989); Croll et al. (1991); Li et al. (1992); Fong et al. (2005) | |
| Increase in egg laying | Manger et al. (1996) | ||
| Female | 1788Da: HF(FH)FYGPYDVFQRDV | Unknown | |
| 5895Da | Unknown | ||
| Amino terminal peptide (Nt) | Unknown | ||
| Calfluxin (CaFl) | Influx of Calcium into mitochondria of albumen gland | Dictus et al. (1987); | |
| Antagonized by schistosomin | De Jong-Brink et al. (1988a,b); Zhang et al (2009). | ||
| Carboxyl terminal peptide (CTP) | Unknown | ||
| Caudodorsal cell hormone (CDCH) | Initiation of ovulation (and thus egg laying behavior) | Ter Maat et al. (1986, 1989, 1987) | |
| Inhibition of right pedal motor neurons | Ter Maat et al. (1988) | ||
| (RPeN) | Ter Maat et al. (1988); Brussaard et al. (1990) | ||
| Local autoexcitation of CDCs | Wijdenes et al. (1983) | ||
| Stimulation of perivitellin fluid production | Jansen and Ter Maat (1985) | ||
| Inhibition of Ring neuron | |||
| Caudodorsal cell peptide α (α-CDCP) | Local autoexcitation of CDCs | Ter Maat et al. (1988); Brussaard et al. (1990) | |
| Excitation of motor neurons involved in shell movements and buccal rasping | Hermann et al. (1997) | ||
| Caudodorsal cell peptide β1 (β1-CDCP) | Unknown | ||
| Caudodorsal cell peptide β2 (β2-CDCP) | Unknown | ||
| Caudosorsal cell peptide β3 (β3-CDCP) | Excitation of motor neurons involved in locomotion, shell movements and buccal rasping | Hermann et al. (1997) | |
| Dorsal body hormone (DBH) | Inhibition of vitellogenesis | Geraerts and Joosse (1975) | |
| Stimulation of growth and development of female accessory sex organs | Geraerts and Joosse (1975); Geraerts and Algera (1976) | ||
| Stimulation of perivitellin fluid production | Wijdenes et al. (1983) | ||
| Gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) | Unknown | ||
| LFRF | Inhibition of CDC and LGC activity | Hoek et al. (2005) | |
| γ-peptide | Unknown | ||
| δ-peptide | Unknown | ||
| ε-peptide | Unknown |