Table 2.
Baseline Participant Characteristics by Intervention Group
| Total (n = 50) | Completed Intervention Treatment Group |
Dropout (n = 3) | ||
| TC (n = 23) | WEBS (n = 24) | |||
| Age, y, M (SD) | 77.2 (5.4) | 76.2 (5.5) | 78.4 (5.5) | 76.0 (3.5) |
| MMSE, 0–30, M (SD) | 28.7 (1.4) | 28.5 (1.5) | 28.8 (1.3) | 29.0 (1.7) |
| Comorbidities, number, M (SD)* | 2.6 (1.1) | 2.8 (1.1) | 2.3 (1.2) | 3.3 (0.6) |
| Gender, female, n (%) | 32 (65.3) | 17 (73.9) | 13 (54.2) | 3 (100) |
| Race, black, n (%) | 6 (12.2) | 3 (13.0) | 2 (8.3) | 1 (33.3) |
| Education, ≥high school, n (%) | 33 (67.4) | 16 (69.6) | 15 (62.5) | 2 (66.7) |
| Difficulty walking 2–3 blocks, n (%)† | 34 (72.3) | 17 (73.9) | 17 (70.8) | 2 (66.7) |
| Disease history n (%)* | ||||
| Cardiac | 7 (14.9) | 4 (17.4) | 3 (12.5) | 1 (33.3) |
| Arthritis | 34 (72.3) | 17 (73.9) | 17 (73.9) | 2 (66.7) |
| Osteoporosis | 18 (38.3) | 10 (43.5) | 8 (33.3) | 1 (33.3) |
| Diabetes | 4 (8.5) | 2 (8.7) | 2 (8.7) | 0 (0.0) |
| Depression | 8 (17.0) | 5 (21.7) | 3 (12.5) | 2 (66.7) |
| Vision | 31 (66.0) | 14 (60.9) | 17 (70.8) | 2 (66.7) |
| Hearing | 15 (31.9) | 6 (26.1) | 9 (37.5) | 1 (33.3) |
| Gait speed, m/s, M (SD)‡ | 0.85 (0.13) | 0.88 (0.13) | 0.82 (0.13) | 0.75 (0.20) |
| Step length variability, CV, n (%)§ | 39 (78.0) | 18 (50.0) | 18 (50.0) | 3 (100.0) |
| Step width variability, CV, n (%)‖ | 39 (78.0) | 19 (82.6) | 17 (70.8) | 3 (100.0) |
Notes: *Based on the Comorbidity Index of 8 domains.
†
In response to query, “How much difficulty do you have walking several blocks”? Dichotomized as none versus any difficulty (a little, some, quite a lot, cannot do).
‡
Between-group mean difference at baseline, marginally significant, p ≤ .12.
§
n (%) of participants with step length CV greater than 4.5%.
‖
n (%) of participants with step width CV less than 7% or greater than 30%. CV = coefficient of variation; MMSE = Mini-Mental State Examination.