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. 2010 Nov 15;5(11):e13901. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0013901

Table 5. Univariate and multivariate analyses to assess associations with rifampicin resistance among all, previously treated, and HIV positive culture positive TB cases.

Univariate Multivariate
Factor Categories Rifampicin resistant TB (%) OR 95% CI P value OR 95% CI P value
Model includes all TB cases
Previous TB treatment New (ref)Prev. TB 2006 or beforePrev. TB 2007/08Missing 14 (5.2%)10 (6.5%)15 (18.3%)4 (15.4%) 1.274.083.31 0.55–2.941.88–8.861.00–10.92 0.57<0.00010.049 1.404.424.23 0.59–3.321.97–9.931.22–14.59 0.45<0.00010.023
HIV status Negative (ref)PositiveMissing 7 (4.0%)30 (10.1%)6 (10.2%) 2.712.71 1.16–6.300.88–8.44 0.0210.084 2.262.89 0.91–5.610.90–9.33 0.0790.075
Sex Male (ref)Female 18 (5.6%)25 (12.0%) 2.30 1.22–4.33 0.010 2.03 1.01–4.06 0.047
Age 26+ (ref)18–25 31 (7.1%)12 (13.2%) 2.00 0.98–4.06 0.055 2.16 1.0–4.70 0.051
Hosmer and Lemeshow p = 0.166
Model includes only previously treated TB cases
Most recent TB episode 2006 or bef (ref)2007/08Missing 10 (6.5%)15 (18.3%)4 (15.4%) 3.202.60 1.3–7.50.75–9.02 0.0070.13 3.423.02 1.43–8.150.85–10.80 0.0060.089
HIV status Negative (ref)PositiveMissing 3 (4.3%)23 (13.9%)3 (11.1%) 3.622.91 1.1–12.50.55–15.46 0.040.21 3.103.17 0.85–11.330.57–17.5 0.0870.19
Sex Male (ref)Female 13 (7.8%)16 (17.0%) 2.41 1.1–5.3 0.03 1.97 0.85–4.56 0.11
Age 26+ (ref)18–25 22 (8.7%)6 (18.2%) 1.98 0.74–5.30 0.17
Hosmer and Lemeshow p = 0.273
Model includes only HIV positive TB cases
Previous TB treatment New (ref)Prev. TB 2006 or beforePrev. TB 2007/08Missing 7 (5.3%)7 (7.1%)14 (26.9%)2 (13.3%) 1.366.532.73 0.46–4.022.46–17.340.51–14.51 0.58<0.00010.24 1.677.274.26 0.53–5.232.61–20.250.74–24.37 0.38<0.00010.103
ART at TB diagnosis No ART (ref)On ART at diagMissing 18 (8.7%)9 (17.3%)3 (7.9%) 2.190.89 0.92–5.200.25–3.20 0.0770.87 1.590.88 0.62–4.080.23–3.33 0.340.85
Sex Male (ref)Female 10 (6.9%)20 (13.2%) 2.05 0.92–4.54 0.078 1.90 0.81–4.50 0.14
Age 26+ (ref)18–25 23 (8.9%)7 (18.4%) 2.31 0.92–5.82 0.077 2.18 0.75–6.33 0.15
CD4 at TB diagnosis CD4 >100 (ref)CD4 <100CD4 missing 11 (8.5%)12 (15.8%)7 (7.8%) 2.030.91 0.84–4.860.34–2.45 0.110.86
Hosmer and Lemeshow p = 0.991