Table 5.
Summary of pathological alterations in MS pattern II and pattern III lesions in comparison to areas of wallerian degeneration (stroke) and normal white matter of controls
| MS Pattern II Perivenous |
Active | MS Pattern III Pre-DM |
Active | WD | Controls | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| T-cells | ++ | +++ | + | +++ | +/− | +/− |
| CD68 | +++ | +++ | ++ | +++ | + | +/− |
| MHC I | +++ | +++ | +/− | +++ | +/− | +/− |
| i-NOS | + (MO) | + (MO) | ++ (MG) | ++ (MO) | − | − |
| MPO | + | + (MO) | ++ (MG) | ++ (MO) | − | − |
| MAG Loss | − | − | + | +++ | − | − |
| APP | ++ | +++ | + | +++ | ++ | − |
| HIF 1a | − | − | + | +/− | − | − |
| Dysferlin | ++ | ++ | + | ++ | +/− | − |
| Fibrin | D | D | P | D | +/−D | − |
| C9neo | ++ | ++ | − | − | − | − |
WD = Wallerian Degeneration around stroke lesions; Pre-DM = ‘pre-demyelinating’ lesions; MHC I=Class I MHC antigen;
i-NOS = inducible nitric oxide synthase; MPO = myeloperoxidase; MAG-loss = preferential loss of myelin associated glycoprotein;
APP = axonal expression of amyloid precursor protein (axonal injury); HIF-1a = hypoxia inducible factor 1a; Dysferlin = endothelial expression of dysferlin as a marker for leaky endothelial cells; Fibrin: P = precipitates; D = diffuse reactivity; C9neo = Complement C9neo antigen;
MO = macrophages; MG = microglia.