Figure 3.

Patterns of fruit set over 11 years of observation of numerous temporal cohorts per year of unmanipulated, open-pollinated, single-flowered plants of E. grandiflorum. (Sample sizes approximate 100 plants for each cohort. The black portions of bars indicate the fraction of flowers that successfully set fruits, and the white portions indicate flowers that failed for any cause other than grazing. A few flowers were typically lost to herbivory (see table 4 for the magnitude of herbivory in different years); these were removed from this tabulation.)