Table 1.
Results of the ‘GLMM’ for total filial cannibalism in male three-spined sticklebacks (n = 82). See the text for details of the statistical analysis.
| explanatory variables | Δd.f. | χ2 | p |
|---|---|---|---|
| egg number | 1 | 1.16 | 0.282 |
| paternity × breeding season | 1 | 4.63 | 0.031 |
| paternitya | 1 | 5.93 | 0.015 |
| breeding seasonb | 1 | 0.35 | 0.555 |
| BCm2 | 1 | 6.71 | 0.010 |
aThis test refers to the estimated effect of paternity at the beginning of the breeding season (first day of the experiment). Later on in the breeding season (last day of the experiment), this effect was weaker and statistically non-significant (Δd.f. = 1, χ2 = 2.67, p = 0.107).
bThis test refers to the estimated effect of breeding season for males with low paternity (0% own eggs). For males with many own eggs (100% own eggs), the effect was stronger and statistically significant (Δd.f. = 1, χ2 = 11.85, p < 0.001).