Table 1.
Spread measurements of macrophyte invasions in Europe (labelled by the region of invasion as A, Atlantic; M, Mediterranean Sea), with the two methods: maximum spread (km yr−1) and accumulated area of spread (colonization rate, c). Spread coefficients are only shown where the models gave a significant fit. This separates the species list into four groups depending on the combinations of significance across the two metrics.
| species | area | year of first observation | number of records | number of grid squares occupied | maximum spread (km yr−1) | colonization constant, c |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| species group A | ||||||
| Apoglossum gregarium | M | 1992 | 10 | 9 | — | — |
| Antithamnionella ternifolia | M | 1926 | 4 | 2 | — | — |
| Botryocladia madagascariensis | M | 1991 | 16 | 9 | — | — |
| Chondria curvilineata | M | 1981 | 5 | 4 | — | — |
| Chondria pygmaea | M | 1991 | 12 | 9 | — | — |
| Cladophora herpestica | M | 1948 | 9 | 7 | — | — |
| Gracilaria arcuata | M | 1931 | 6 | 3 | — | — |
| Laurencia caduciramulosa | M | 1991 | 9 | 5 | — | — |
| Leathesia verruculiformis | A | 1994 | 6 | 3 | — | — |
| Sarconema filiforme | M | 1945 | 11 | 5 | — | — |
| Scytosiphon dotyi | A | 1987 | 7 | 5 | — | — |
| species group B | ||||||
| Bonnemaisonia hamifera | A | 1893 | 128 | 46 | 218 | — |
| Ceramium strobiliforme | M | 1990 | 8 | 3 | 132 | — |
| species group C | ||||||
| Acanthophora nayadiformis | M | 1813 | 55 | 33 | — | 0.0134 |
| Aglaothamnion feldmanniae | A | 1965 | 14 | 10 | — | 0.1039 |
| Aglaothamnion halliae | A | 1960 | 21 | 9 | — | 0.071 |
| Antithamnion amphigeneum | M | 1989 | 13 | 9 | — | 1 |
| Antithamnionella boergesenii | M | 1937 | 4 | 4 | — | 0.0292 |
| Antithamnionella elegans | A | 1961 | 13 | 5 | — | 0.0896 |
| Antithamnionella spirographidis | M | 1913 | 27 | 19 | — | 0.0362 |
| Antithamnionella sublittoralis | M | 1980 | 5 | 4 | — | 0.1212 |
| Asparagopsis armata | A | 1923 | 249 | 46 | — | 0.2394 |
| Asparagopsis armata | M | 1923 | 128 | 61 | — | 0.0394 |
| Bonnemaisonia hamifera | M | 1967 | 25 | 18 | — | 0.0576 |
| Caulerpa mexicana | M | 1941 | 14 | 8 | — | 0.01 |
| Caulerpa racemosa var. cylindracea | M | 1990 | 98 | 37 | — | 0.5002 |
| Caulerpa racemosa var. lamourouxii | M | 1951 | 12 | 8 | — | 0.0202 |
| Caulerpa racemosa var. turbinat-uvifera | M | 1926 | 13 | 10 | — | 0.0427 |
| Caulerpa scalpelliformis | M | 1929 | 14 | 6 | — | 0.0106 |
| Caulerpa taxifolia | M | 1984 | 87 | 14 | — | 0.7638 |
| Codium taylorii | M | 1958 | 7 | 6 | — | 0.105 |
| Colpomenia peregrina | M | 1918 | 18 | 13 | — | 0.0405 |
| Dasya baillouviana | A | 1950 | 22 | 10 | — | 0.035 |
| Dasysiphonia sp. | A | 1994 | 64 | 21 | — | 0.1099 |
| Fucus evanescens | A | 1894 | 31 | 16 | — | 0.0229 |
| Ganonema farinosa | M | 1808 | 9 | 8 | — | 0.0102 |
| Goniotrichiopsis sublittoralis | M | 1989 | 4 | 3 | — | 0.0953 |
| Gracilaria vermiculophylla | A | 1997 | 58 | 13 | — | 0.3803 |
| Grateloupia subpectinata | A | 1947 | 10 | 6 | — | 0.0461 |
| Lomentaria hakodatensis | A | 1984 | 9 | 6 | — | 0.0893 |
| Neosiphonia harveyi | M | 1958 | 31 | 18 | — | 0.0889 |
| Pleonosporium caribaeum | A | 1973 | 9 | 6 | — | 0.0744 |
| Polysiphonia paniculata | M | 1967 | 7 | 7 | — | 0.7402 |
| Solieria dura | M | 1944 | 3 | 3 | — | 0.0802 |
| Stypopodium schimperi | A | 1974 | 17 | 13 | — | 0.2418 |
| Ulva pertusa | A | 1993 | 8 | 5 | — | 0.1067 |
| Womersleyella setacea | M | 1987 | 74 | 38 | — | 0.53 |
| species group D | ||||||
| Acrothamnion preissii | M | 1969 | 49 | 18 | 37 | 0.0635 |
| Anotrichium okamurae? | A | 1922 | 24 | 11 | 17 | 0.035 |
| Antithamnionella elegans | M | 1882 | 72 | 39 | 27 | 0.0513 |
| Antithamnionella spirographidis | A | 1927 | 33 | 23 | 21 | 0.1011 |
| Antithamnionella ternifolia | A | 1906 | 84 | 44 | 27 | 0.0327 |
| Asparagopsis taxiformis (invasive form) | M | 1993 | 15 | 11 | 126 | 0.151 |
| Codium fragile subsp. fragile | A | 1845 | 215 | 87 | 22 | 0.0556 |
| Codium fragile subsp. fragile | M | 1950 | 43 | 19 | 76 | 0.1807 |
| Colpomenia peregrina | A | 1905 | 119 | 65 | 38 | 0.0519 |
| Grateloupia turuturu | A | 1969 | 55 | 19 | 54 | 0.163 |
| Halophila stipulacea | M | 1894 | 31 | 27 | 14 | 0.0477 |
| Hypnea spinella | M | 1928 | 19 | 16 | 68 | 0.1006 |
| Neosiphonia harveyi | A | 1832 | 56 | 39 | 13 | 0.0307 |
| Sargassum muticum | A | 1972 | 552 | 100 | 69 | 0.3269 |
| Undaria pinnatifida | A | 1982 | 97 | 26 | 52 | 0.3273 |