Figure - PMC

Skip to main content

An official website of the United States government

Here's how you know

Here's how you know

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

View full-text article in PMC

. 2010 Apr 21;277(1694):2711–2720. doi: 10.1098/rspb.2010.0550

Search in PMC
Search in PubMed
View in NLM Catalog
Add to search

© 2010 The Royal Society

PMC Copyright notice

Figure 2. — Conditions under which a migratory allele is able to invade a resident population in relation to competition (y-axis) and relative site quality (x-axis). In the ancestor, scaled density-dependent effects on birth in the shared-breeding case and on survival in the shared-non-breeding case are equal for the (a) high-fecundity and low-survival (HF–LS) life history and for the (b) low-fecundity and high-survival (LF–HS) life history, respectively with x = 1.0 and h = 0.5. Parts (a,b) support the prediction from condition (3.4) that the migrant allele will invade more easily in the shared-breeding case for both life histories when density-dependent effects on birth and survival are scaled to be equal. In the ancestor, scaled density-dependent effects on birth in the shared-breeding case are 10 times greater than the scaled density-dependent effects on survival in the shared-non-breeding case for the (c) HF–LS life history and for the (d) LF–HS life history, respectively, with x = 1.0 and h = 0.5. Parts (c,d) support the prediction from condition (3.4) that the migrant allele can invade more easily in the shared-non-breeding case for both life histories when density-dependent effects on birth are stronger than effects on survival. In (e,f), the demographic parameters are the same as in (a,b), except the migration probability is lowered to x = 0.5. Parts (e,f) suggest that the invasion of the migratory allele is not affected strongly by x in the shared-breeding case, but is affected strongly in the shared-non-breeding case. In the shared-breeding scenario, the sharp threshold along the x-axis occurs because the probability of survival cannot be greater than 1.0. Thus, if the resident ancestors' survivorship is 0.7125, the maximum value of d_M/d_R is 1.4. For (a,c,e), d_R = 0.7125 and b_R = 1.0, and for (b,d,f), d_R = 0.95 and b_R = 0.5. For (a–f), , for (a,e) , for (b,f) , whereas for (c) and for (d) . All other parameter values are fixed across panels: Q = 1, m₁₂ = 0.05, m₂₁ = 0.05, s_M = 0.95 and s_D = 0.95.

Inline graphic — Conditions under which a migratory allele is able to invade a resident population in relation to competition (y-axis) and relative site quality (x-axis). In the ancestor, scaled density-dependent effects on birth in the shared-breeding case and on survival in the shared-non-breeding case are equal for the (a) high-fecundity and low-survival (HF–LS) life history and for the (b) low-fecundity and high-survival (LF–HS) life history, respectively with x = 1.0 and h = 0.5. Parts (a,b) support the prediction from condition (3.4) that the migrant allele will invade more easily in the shared-breeding case for both life histories when density-dependent effects on birth and survival are scaled to be equal. In the ancestor, scaled density-dependent effects on birth in the shared-breeding case are 10 times greater than the scaled density-dependent effects on survival in the shared-non-breeding case for the (c) HF–LS life history and for the (d) LF–HS life history, respectively, with x = 1.0 and h = 0.5. Parts (c,d) support the prediction from condition (3.4) that the migrant allele can invade more easily in the shared-non-breeding case for both life histories when density-dependent effects on birth are stronger than effects on survival. In (e,f), the demographic parameters are the same as in (a,b), except the migration probability is lowered to x = 0.5. Parts (e,f) suggest that the invasion of the migratory allele is not affected strongly by x in the shared-breeding case, but is affected strongly in the shared-non-breeding case. In the shared-breeding scenario, the sharp threshold along the x-axis occurs because the probability of survival cannot be greater than 1.0. Thus, if the resident ancestors' survivorship is 0.7125, the maximum value of d_M/d_R is 1.4. For (a,c,e), d_R = 0.7125 and b_R = 1.0, and for (b,d,f), d_R = 0.95 and b_R = 0.5. For (a–f), , for (a,e) , for (b,f) , whereas for (c) and for (d) . All other parameter values are fixed across panels: Q = 1, m₁₂ = 0.05, m₂₁ = 0.05, s_M = 0.95 and s_D = 0.95.