Figure 3.

Potential larval dispersal distance of deep-sea fauna based on current speed, and published estimates of planktonic larval duration (Young & George 2000; Marsh et al. 2001; Watanabe et al. 2004; Havenhand et al. 2005; Buhl-Mortensen & Hoeg 2006; Miyake et al. 2006; Mercier & Hamel 2008; Arellano & Young 2009; Rouse et al. 2009). The two trajectories assume constant and unidirectional currents, and represent published estimates for lowest and highest velocity currents associated with surface waters or benthic storms (Havenhand et al. 2005). Note that currents demonstrating periodic changes in direction would greatly limit dispersal (Marsh et al. 2001).