Table 7.

Multilevel modeling: Formal vocabulary, conversational language, and child language history as predictors of HV2 and HV3 reading.

Model	−2ll	χ2
HV2 Reading
Null	724.6
Vocab	667.3	57.3*
Vocab, Hx	654.0	13.3*
Vocab, Hx, Con	653.2	0.8
Vocab, Hx, Con, Con × Hx	649.1	4.1*
Vocab, Hx, Con, Vocab × Con	652.2	−3.1
Vocab, Hx, Con, Vocab × Hx	650.9	1.3
HV3 Reading
Null	490.6
Vocab	463.1	27.5*
Vocab, Hx	442.5	20.6*
Vocab, Hx, Con	441.2	1.3
Vocab, Hx, Con, Con × Hx	437.8	3.4
Vocab, Hx, Con, Vocab × Con	440.6	−2.8
Vocab, Hx, Con, Vocab × Hx	440.6	.0

Note. Vocab = formal vocabulary; Hx = history of reported language difficulties; Con = conversational language.

^*Statistical significance at α = .05.