Table S1.
Demographic, behavioral, and military characteristics by deployment status of 41,225 Millennium Cohort members
| Baseline Characteristics | No Deployment Before Follow-up Survey* | Follow-up Survey During Deployment* | Follow-up Survey Postdeployment* |
|---|---|---|---|
| n = 30,190 | n = 1771 | n = 9264 | |
| n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | |
| Sex: Male | 21,432 (71.0) | 1496 (84.5) | 7640 (82.5) |
| Age (mean) | 35.7 | 32.2 | 33.1 |
| Birth year | |||
| Pre-1960 | 8410 (27.9) | 242 (13.7) | 1599 (17.3) |
| 1960–1969 | 12,244 (40.5) | 749 (42.3) | 3834 (41.4) |
| 1970–1979 | 8488 (28.1) | 677 (38.2) | 3316 (35.8) |
| 1980 and later | 1048 (3.5) | 103 (5.8) | 515 (5.5) |
| Race/ethnicity | |||
| White, non-Hispanic | 21,780 (72.1) | 1206 (68.1) | 6570 (70.9) |
| Black, non-Hispanic | 3526 (11.7) | 192 (10.8) | 966 (10.4) |
| Other | 4884 (16.8) | 373 (21.1) | 1728 (18.7) |
| Highest educational level | |||
| Less than high school | 1633 (5.4) | 133 (7.5) | 447 (4.8) |
| High school diploma/equivalent | 11,308 (37.5) | 854 (48.2) | 3662 (39.5) |
| Some college | 7628 (25.3) | 326 (18.4) | 2587 (27.9) |
| Bachelor's degree | 5836 (19.3) | 332 (18.8) | 1815 (19.6) |
| Advanced degree | 3785 (12.5) | 126 (7.1) | 753 (8.2) |
| Marital status | |||
| Married | 20,465 (67.8) | 1150 (64.9) | 6066 (65.5) |
| Never married | 7525 (24.9) | 538 (30.4) | 2614 (28.2) |
| Divorced, widowed, separated | 2200 (7.3) | 83 (4.7) | 584 (6.3) |
| Service branch | |||
| Army | 14,380 (47.6) | 1392 (78.6) | 4302 (46.4) |
| Air Force | 8254 (27.3) | 172 (9.7) | 3278 (35.4) |
| Navy and Coast Guard | 6299 (20.9) | 136 (7.7) | 1217 (13.1) |
| Marine Corps | 1257 (4.2) | 71 (4.0) | 467 (5.1) |
| Service component: Active duty | 15,946 (52.8) | 976 (55.1) | 5714 (61.7) |
| Military pay grade: Enlisted | 21,639 (71.7) | 1299 (73.3) | 6770 (73.1) |
| Occupation | |||
| Combat specialists | 5749 (19.0) | 489 (27.6) | 2296 (24.8) |
| Electronic equipment repair | 2817 (9.3) | 155 (8.7) | 860 (9.3) |
| Communications/intelligence | 2185 (7.2) | 141 (8.0) | 651 (7.0) |
| Health care | 3950 (13.1) | 131 (7.4) | 686 (7.4) |
| Other technical and allied | 776 (2.6) | 40 (2.3) | 218 (2.4) |
| Functional support and admin. | 6674 (22.1) | 230 (13.0) | 1336 (14.4) |
| Electrical/mechanical equip. repair | 3701 (12.3) | 238 (13.4) | 1540 (16.6) |
| Craft workers | 841 (2.8) | 41 (2.3) | 317 (3.4) |
| Service and supply | 2355 (7.8) | 195 (11.0) | 919 (9.9) |
| Students, trainees, and other | 1142 (3.8) | 111 (6.3) | 441 (4.8) |
| Self-reported general health | |||
| Fair/poor | 2249 (7.5) | 106 (6.0) | 511 (5.5) |
| Good | 9186 (30.4) | 508 (28.7) | 2698 (29.1) |
| Very good/excellent | 18,755 (62.1) | 1157 (65.3) | 6055 (65.4) |
| Life stressors† | |||
| Low/mild | 25,234 (83.6) | 1539 (86.9) | 8134 (87.8) |
| Moderate | 4022 (13.3) | 203 (11.5) | 977 (10.6) |
| Major | 934 (3.1) | 29 (1.6) | 153 (1.6) |
| Posttraumatic stress disorder | 1170 (3.9) | 64 (3.6) | 265 (2.9) |
| Depression | 870 (2.9) | 50 (2.8) | 183 (2.0) |
| Anxiety | 554 (1.8) | 28 (1.6) | 136 (1.5) |
| Panic | 356 (1.2) | 15 (0.8) | 62 (0.7) |
| Sleep apnea | 840 (2.8) | 32 (1.8) | 200 (2.2) |
| Body mass index | |||
| Mean | 26.1 | 26.1 | 26.0 |
| Underweight | 246 (0.8) | 8 (0.5) | 60 (0.6) |
| Normal | 10,797 (35.8) | 601 (33.9) | 3239 (35.0) |
| Overweight | 15,629 (51.8) | 983 (55.5) | 5103 (55.1) |
| Obese | 3518 (11.6) | 179 (10.1) | 862 (9.3) |
| Current smoker | 4395 (14.6) | 330 (18.6) | 1549 (16.7) |
| Problem drinker‡ | 5589 (18.5) | 368 (20.8) | 1770 (19.1) |
| Follow-up Characteristics | |||
| Combat§ | NA | 1010 (57.0) | 4690 (50.6) |
| Posttraumatic stress disorder | 1273 (4.2) | 96 (5.4) | 448 (4.8) |
| Depression | 939 (3.1) | 63 (3.6) | 253 (2.7) |
| Anxiety | 675 (2.2) | 43 (2.4) | 201 (2.2) |
| Panic | 505 (1.7) | 13 (0.7) | 155 (1.7) |
| Children¶ | 1466 (16.7) | 41 (14.9) | 192 (11.8) |
At submission of follow-up survey, those in the nondeployed group had not yet deployed, those in the postdeployment group had completed at least 1 deployment, and those in the deployed group were currently deployed.
History of life stress, including items such as divorce, assault, or having a family member die, was assessed by applying scoring mechanisms from the Holmes and Rahe Social Readjustment Rating Scale.
Problem drinking is defined as at least 1 positive response to the CAGE questions (i.e., Cutting down, Annoyance by criticism, Guilty feeling, and Eye-openers).
At follow-up, had personally experienced combat or a combat-like situation, such as witnessing a person's death due to war, disaster, or tragic event.
Frequencies of women reporting having children in the last 3 years at baseline and follow-up.