Figure 2.

Effects of paradoxical sleep deprivation (PSD) on training and test performances of mice in the plus-maze discriminative avoidance task (PM-DAT). Mice were kept in their home cages (CTRL) or paradoxical sleep-deprived for 72 h (PSD) before a 10-min training session and/or before a 3-min test session, performed 10 days later. Results are presented as mean ± SE of percent time spent in the aversive enclosed arm in the training (A) and test (D); percent time spent in the open arms in the training (B) and test (E) and total number of entries in all arms of the apparatus in the training (C) and test (F) sessions. *P < 0.05 compared to the CTRL group in the training (t-test for independent samples); ⁰P < 0.05 compared to the PSD-PSD group, ⁺P < 0.05 compared to all the other groups and ^#P < 0.05 compared to the CTRL-CTRL and the CTRL-PSD groups in the test (2-way ANOVA and Duncan's test).