Figure 4.

Effects of paradoxical sleep deprivation (PSD) or total sleep deprivation (TSD) on training and testing performances of pre-training and/or pre-test sleep-deprived mice in the passive avoidance task (PAT). Mice were kept in their home cages (CTRL), or deprived of paradoxical sleep for 72 h (PSD) or deprived of total sleep for 6 h (TSD) before a training session and/or before test session, performed 10 days later. Results are presented as mean ± SE latency to enter the dark chamber, in seconds, in the training session (A and C) and latency to enter the dark chamber, in seconds, in the test session (B and D) *P < 0.05 compared to CTRL-CTRL group; ⁰P < 0.05 compared to group PSD-PSD (2-way ANOVA and Duncan test).