Table 2.

Developments in primary outcome measures during the study according to baseline variables

			VO2max (ml/kg/min)				Arm curl test (times per 30 sec)				Chair stand test (times per 30 sec)				Haemoglobin A1c (%)				HDL-cholesterol (mmol/l)
		n	Δ	SE	%	p a	Δ	SE	%	p a	Δ	SE	%	p a	Δ	SE	%	p a	Δ	SE	%	p a
Total		127	0.46	0.20	2.5	0.032	5.9	0.30	33.2	< 0.0001	5.1	0.31	34.1	< 0.0001	0.020	0.066	0.3	0.57	0.11	0.02	8.6	< 0.0001
Sex	Male	73	0.58	0.26	2.9	*	6.3	0.40	34.2		5.6	0.40	36.4		-0.069	0.088	-1.0		0.09	0.03	7.0
	Female	54	0.34	0.31	2.0		5.3	0.46	31.8		4.4	0.47	31.0		0.129	0.098	1.8		0.14	0.03	10.2
Age	≤ 67 years	63	0.58	0.26	2.7	*	7.0	0.42	37.9	*	6.0	0.41	37.9	*	0.042	0.092	0.6		0.10	0.03	8.1
	> 67 years	64	0.32	0.31	2.0		4.7	0.43	27.8		4.1	0.45	29.2		-0.002	0.096	-0.0		0.13	0.03	9.3
Diabetes duration	≤ 1 year	31	0.16	0.37	0.8		7.0	0.60	38.4		6.8	0.58	45.2	*	-0.066	0.130	-1.0		0.14	0.04	10.0
	> 1 year	96	0.58	0.23	3.2		5.5	0.35	31.2		4.5	0.36	30.0		0.049	0.077	0.7		0.11	0.03	8.1
School education	Further	88	0.56	0.23	2.9		6.1	0.36	33.3		4.9	0.36	31.4		0.079	0.078	1.1		0.08	0.03	6.2
	Basic	39	0.21	0.38	1.2		5.3	0.57	32.6		5.7	0.58	42.0		-0.128	0.123	-1.8		0.19	0.04	14.8
Marital status	Single	29	-0.37	0.49	-2.3		3.9	0.68	23.0		3.4	0.71	24.2	*	0.168	0.153	2.3		0.14	0.05	10.7
	Co-habiting	98	0.62	0.22	3.2		6.4	0.34	35.4		5.5	0.34	36.4		-0.013	0.073	-0.2		0.11	0.02	8.2
BMI	< 29.62 kg/m2	64	0.48	0.28	2.5		5.9	0.43	31.9		5.6	0.43	36.7		0.009	0.094	0.1		0.14	0.03	10.2	*
	≥ 29.62 kg/m2	63	0.44	0.29	2.4		5.9	0.43	34.7		4.5	0.44	31.2		0.030	0.093	0.4		0.09	0.03	6.9
Waist circum-ference	< ♂/♀ median	60	0.84	0.27	4.3		5.9	0.44	32.0		5.6	0.43	36.6		-0.001	0.096	-0.0		0.10	0.03	7.4
	≥ ♂/♀ median	67	0.04	0.29	0.2		5.9	0.43	34.3		4.6	0.44	31.4		0.039	0.092	0.5		0.12	0.03	9.8
Systolic pressure	≤ 130 mmHg	50	0.48	0.32	2.6		5.6	0.50	31.2		3.9	0.50	25.9		0.137	0.109	1.9		0.11	0.04	8.5
	> 130 mmHg	75	0.51	0.26	2.7		6.3	0.39	35.5		6.0	0.40	40.0		-0.050	0.086	-0.7		0.12	0.03	8.8
Diastolic pressure	≤ 80 mmHg	89	0.27	0.25	1.5		5.9	0.37	32.9		5.0	0.38	33.4		0.063	0.081	0.9		0.12	0.03	9.0
	> 80 mmHg	36	0.93	0.35	4.9		6.2	0.54	36.3		5.6	0.55	36.9		-0.070	0.121	-1.0		0.10	0.04	8.2
Antihypertensive medi-cation	No	36	1.07	0.35	5.4		7.3	0.57	40.6		6.1	0.58	40.1		0.128	0.127	1.9		0.16	0.04	12.1
	Yes	91	0.17	0.24	0.9		5.3	0.36	30.2		4.7	0.36	31.7		-0.019	0.077	-0.3		0.10	0.03	7.3
Albumin/ creatinine ratio	≤ 3.5	97	0.58	0.22	3.1		6.7	0.34	38.1	*	5.8	0.35	39.1	*	0.033	0.075	0.5	*	0.12	0.02	8.7
	> 3.5	30	-0.05	0.45	-0.3		3.4	0.60	18.5		2.9	0.61	19.5		-0.036	0.134	-0.5		0.10	0.04	8.2
Fasting plasma glucose	≤ 7 mmol/l	38	0.21	0.36	1.1		6.6	0.54	37.0		6.1	0.55	42.3		0.064	0.119	1.0	*	0.11	0.04	7.9
	> 7 mmol/l	89	0.58	0.24	3.2		5.6	0.37	31.5		4.6	0.37	30.5		-0.005	0.079	-0.1		0.11	0.03	8.9
Diabetes treatment	Diet alone	37	0.42	0.36	2.2		7.0	0.57	38.8		6.7	0.55	44.8	*	0.128	0.126	2.0		0.16	0.04	11.3
	Oral agents	70	0.73	0.27	3.9		5.9	0.40	33.7		5.0	0.41	32.9		-0.016	0.089	-0.2		0.11	0.03	8.5
	Insulin	20	-0.31	0.54	-1.7		3.9	0.75	21.8		2.4	0.78	16.9		-0.041	0.159	-0.6		0.06	0.05	4.5
Statin treatmentb	None	38	1.36	0.36	7.5		6.3	0.56	36.1		5.3	0.57	37.8		0.192	0.120	2.7		0.18	0.04	13.3
	Un-changed	78	0.16	0.26	0.9		5.9	0.39	33.0		5.0	0.40	33.0		-0.061	0.086	-0.9		0.08	0.03	5.8
	Initiated	11	-0.33	0.62	-1.7		4.8	0.92	26.5		5.0	0.91	31.2		-0.043	0.204	-0.6		0.13	0.07	9.7
Smoking	No	99	0.45	0.21	2.3		5.9	0.33	33.2		5.2	0.34	33.9		0.115	0.072	1.6	*	0.09	0.02	6.7
	Yes	28	0.55	0.54	3.1		5.6	0.72	32.6		4.9	0.77	35.0		-0.454	0.157	-6.3		0.24	0.05	18.5
Pain with function limitation	No	53	1.53	0.32	7.9	*	6.0	0.49	32.4		5.7	0.48	37.7		-0.006	0.108	-0.1		0.17	0.03	12.2
	Yes	74	-0.15	0.25	-0.8		5.9	0.39	34.1		4.7	0.40	32.0		0.036	0.084	0.5		0.08	0.03	6.5
Cardiovascular disease	No	66	1.03	0.23	5.2	*	6.0	0.39	33.3		5.5	0.38	35.2		0.012	0.084	0.2		0.12	0.02	8.9
	Yes	45	-0.77	0.37	-4.3		5.7	0.54	32.6		4.1	0.55	29.4		-0.082	0.118	-1.1		0.05	0.03	3.8

n is number of patients. Δ is a measure of absolute increase defined as the difference between the (subgroup-specific) modelled baseline and the 18-month examination outcome. The corresponding increase, relative to the modelled baseline examination outcome, is indicated under %. ^a Differences between subgroups are assessed by a Wald test for the time-subgroup interaction. To account for multiple testing, the tests that remained significant after controlling for the false discovery rate at 5% are indicated with a *. ^b Indicates whether patients had unchanged statin treatment during the study or stated statin treatment during the study.