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. 2001 Jan 1;29(1):264–267. doi: 10.1093/nar/29.1.264

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Figure 1

Figure 1

Three examples of recoding events. (A) Antizyme frameshifting. The +1 shift at the last codon (UCC) before the termination codon of ORF1 of human antizyme 1 is stimulated by polyamines and by a 5′ mRNA element and a 3′ pseudoknot. (B) Gene 60 bypassing. Fifty nucleotides between codons 47 and 48 of phage T4 gene 60 coding sequence are bypassed by half the ribosomes in response to matched takeoff and landing site codons, a stop codon directly after the take-off site in a stem–loop structure and a nascent peptide signal that acts within the ribosome. (C) Procaryotic selenocysteine insertion—redefinition. UGA codons in procaryotes that specify selenocysteine are directly followed by a stem structure whose apical loop is bound by a selenocysteine tRNA specific elongation factor SELB, resulting in a tethered aminoacylated tRNA poised for the oncoming ribosome. These figures are adapted from Atkins et al. (8).