Skip to main content
PMC home page
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America logoLink to Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
. 1989 Dec;86(24):9647–9651. doi: 10.1073/pnas.86.24.9647

Organization of the human lipoprotein lipase gene and evolution of the lipase gene family.

T G Kirchgessner 1, J C Chuat 1, C Heinzmann 1, J Etienne 1, S Guilhot 1, K Svenson 1, D Ameis 1, C Pilon 1, L d'Auriol 1, A Andalibi 1, et al.
PMCID: PMC298558  PMID: 2602366

Abstract

The human lipoprotein lipase gene was cloned and characterized. It is composed of 10 exons spanning approximately equal to 30 kilobases. The first exon encodes the 5'-untranslated region, the signal peptide plus the first two amino acids of the mature protein. The next eight exons encode the remaining 446 amino acids, and the tenth exon encodes the long 3'-untranslated region of 1948 nucleotides. The lipoprotein lipase transcription start site and the sequence of the 5'-flanking region were also determined. We compared the organization of genes for lipoprotein lipase, hepatic lipase, pancreatic lipase, and Drosophila yolk protein 1, which are members of a family of related genes. A model for the evolution of the lipase gene family is presented that involves multiple rounds of gene duplication plus exon-shuffling and intron-loss events.

Full text

PDF
9647

Images in this article

9649Image
on p.9649
9650Image
on p.9650
9650Image
on p.9650

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Bownes M., Shirras A., Blair M., Collins J., Coulson A. Evidence that insect embryogenesis is regulated by ecdysteroids released from yolk proteins. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1988 Mar;85(5):1554–1557. doi: 10.1073/pnas.85.5.1554. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Craik C. S., Rutter W. J., Fletterick R. Splice junctions: association with variation in protein structure. Science. 1983 Jun 10;220(4602):1125–1129. doi: 10.1126/science.6344214. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Darnell J. E., Doolittle W. F. Speculations on the early course of evolution. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1986 Mar;83(5):1271–1275. doi: 10.1073/pnas.83.5.1271. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Datta S., Luo C. C., Li W. H., VanTuinen P., Ledbetter D. H., Brown M. A., Chen S. H., Liu S. W., Chan L. Human hepatic lipase. Cloned cDNA sequence, restriction fragment length polymorphisms, chromosomal localization, and evolutionary relationships with lipoprotein lipase and pancreatic lipase. J Biol Chem. 1988 Jan 25;263(3):1107–1110. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Deeb S. S., Peng R. L. Structure of the human lipoprotein lipase gene. Biochemistry. 1989 May 16;28(10):4131–4135. doi: 10.1021/bi00436a001. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Eladari M. E., Syed S. H., Guilhot S., d'Auriol L., Galibert F. On the high conservation of the human c-myc first exon. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1986 Oct 15;140(1):313–319. doi: 10.1016/0006-291x(86)91092-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Garabedian M. J., Shirras A. D., Bownes M., Wensink P. C. The nucleotide sequence of the gene coding for Drosophila melanogaster yolk protein 3. Gene. 1987;55(1):1–8. doi: 10.1016/0378-1119(87)90242-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Gilbert W. Genes-in-pieces revisited. Science. 1985 May 17;228(4701):823–824. doi: 10.1126/science.4001923. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Gilbert W., Marchionni M., McKnight G. On the antiquity of introns. Cell. 1986 Jul 18;46(2):151–153. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(86)90730-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Hovemann B., Galler R., Walldorf U., Küpper H., Bautz E. K. Vitellogenin in Drosophila melanogaster: sequence of the yolk protein I gene and its flanking regions. Nucleic Acids Res. 1981 Sep 25;9(18):4721–4734. doi: 10.1093/nar/9.18.4721. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Kirchgessner T. G., LeBoeuf R. C., Langner C. A., Zollman S., Chang C. H., Taylor B. A., Schotz M. C., Gordon J. I., Lusis A. J. Genetic and developmental regulation of the lipoprotein lipase gene: loci both distal and proximal to the lipoprotein lipase structural gene control enzyme expression. J Biol Chem. 1989 Jan 25;264(3):1473–1482. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Kirchgessner T. G., Svenson K. L., Lusis A. J., Schotz M. C. The sequence of cDNA encoding lipoprotein lipase. A member of a lipase gene family. J Biol Chem. 1987 Jun 25;262(18):8463–8466. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Komaromy M. C., Schotz M. C. Cloning of rat hepatic lipase cDNA: evidence for a lipase gene family. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1987 Mar;84(6):1526–1530. doi: 10.1073/pnas.84.6.1526. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Lawn R. M., Fritsch E. F., Parker R. C., Blake G., Maniatis T. The isolation and characterization of linked delta- and beta-globin genes from a cloned library of human DNA. Cell. 1978 Dec;15(4):1157–1174. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(78)90043-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Mickel F. S., Weidenbach F., Swarovsky B., LaForge K. S., Scheele G. A. Structure of the canine pancreatic lipase gene. J Biol Chem. 1989 Aug 5;264(22):12895–12901. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Mitchell P. J., Tjian R. Transcriptional regulation in mammalian cells by sequence-specific DNA binding proteins. Science. 1989 Jul 28;245(4916):371–378. doi: 10.1126/science.2667136. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Needleman S. B., Wunsch C. D. A general method applicable to the search for similarities in the amino acid sequence of two proteins. J Mol Biol. 1970 Mar;48(3):443–453. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(70)90057-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Rogers J. Exon shuffling and intron insertion in serine protease genes. Nature. 1985 Jun 6;315(6019):458–459. doi: 10.1038/315458a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Sparkes R. S., Zollman S., Klisak I., Kirchgessner T. G., Komaromy M. C., Mohandas T., Schotz M. C., Lusis A. J. Human genes involved in lipolysis of plasma lipoproteins: mapping of loci for lipoprotein lipase to 8p22 and hepatic lipase to 15q21. Genomics. 1987 Oct;1(2):138–144. doi: 10.1016/0888-7543(87)90005-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Stahnke G., Sprengel R., Augustin J., Will H. Human hepatic triglyceride lipase: cDNA cloning, amino acid sequence and expression in a cultured cell line. Differentiation. 1987;35(1):45–52. doi: 10.1111/j.1432-0436.1987.tb00150.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Südhof T. C., Russell D. W., Goldstein J. L., Brown M. S., Sanchez-Pescador R., Bell G. I. Cassette of eight exons shared by genes for LDL receptor and EGF precursor. Science. 1985 May 17;228(4701):893–895. doi: 10.1126/science.3873704. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Wion K. L., Kirchgessner T. G., Lusis A. J., Schotz M. C., Lawn R. M. Human lipoprotein lipase complementary DNA sequence. Science. 1987 Mar 27;235(4796):1638–1641. doi: 10.1126/science.3823907. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America are provided here courtesy of National Academy of Sciences

RESOURCES