Table 5. Grouped age estimations.
| Network time estimations with 25-year | Network time estimations with 32-year | BATWING expansion time using 25-year generation time (kya) | BATWING expansion time using 32-year generation time (kya) | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Haplogroup and population group | N | Network shape | generation time (kya)a | generation time (kya)a | Mean | Median | 2.50% | 97.50% | Mean | Median | 2.50% | 97.50% |
| N (M231) | ||||||||||||
| Asianb | 39 | Star | 19.5±4.2 | 25.0±5.2 | 13.9 | 11.3 | 3.0 | 55.9 | 17.8 | 14.5 | 3.9 | 71.6 |
| Chinesec | 14 | Non-Star | 12.1±3.7 | 15.5±4.7 | 14.9 | 10.3 | 0.5 | 122.8 | 19.1 | 13.2 | 0.7 | 157.2 |
| Mongolian and Siberiand | 23 | Non-Star | 23.7±5.4 | 30.3±7.0 | 27.1 | 22.0 | 7.0 | 100.1 | 34.7 | 28.1 | 9.0 | 128.1 |
| Europeane | 40 | Star-like | 10.9±4.0 (9.1±3.3 and 6.5±2.6)a | 13.9±5.2 (11.6±4.2 and 8.3±3.3)a | 6.9 | 5.1 | 1.4 | 29.2 | 8.8 | 6.5 | 1.8 | 37.3 |
| All | 79 | Star-like | 19.1±4.2 | 24.5±5.4 | 4.7 | 3.8 | 1.4 | 16.2 | 6.0 | 4.9 | 1.8 | 20.8 |
| N1a (M128) | ||||||||||||
| Asianf | 6 | Star-like | 6.9±3.9 | 8.8±4.9 | 17.0 | 3.4 | 0.0 | 405.7 | 21.8 | 4.3 | 0.0 | 519.3 |
| N1b (P43) | ||||||||||||
| Asiang | 15 | Non-Star | 7.2±3.6 | 9.3±4.6 | 14.2 | 5.2 | 0.1 | 283.8 | 18.1 | 6.6 | 0.1 | 363.2 |
| Russian Slavich | 28 | Star-like | 12.1±4.7 (9.1±4.9 and 6.0±3.7)a | 15.5±6.0 (11.6±6.3 and 7.7±4.7)a | 6.4 | 1.6 | 0.0 | 118.2 | 8.1 | 2.1 | 0.0 | 151.2 |
| Russian Slavic (15 loci)h | Star-like | 11.6±3.1 (8.7±2.3 and 3.3±1.0)a | 14.9±4.0 (11.1±2.9 and 4.3±1.3)a | 2.9 | 1.7 | 0.1 | 30.6 | 3.7 | 2.1 | 0.1 | 39.2 | |
| Russian Uralici | 16 | Star-like | 12.8±5.0 | 16.4±6.4 | 10.9 | 1.9 | 0.0 | 384.4 | 13.9 | 2.4 | 0.0 | 492.1 |
| Russian Uralic (15 loci)i | 14.6±3.5 (10.5±3.2 and 4.1±1.3)a | 18.7±4.4 (13.4±4.1 and 5.3±1.6)a | 8.7 | 2.4 | 0.0 | 219.6 | 11.1 | 3.1 | 0.0 | 281.1 | ||
| Russian Uralic and Khantsj | 37 | Star-like | 9.8±4.2 (6.6±4.1 and 3.4±2.1)a | 12.5±5.4 (8.4±5.3 and 4.5±2.6)a | 7.9 | 1.5 | 0.0 | 292.7 | 10.2 | 1.9 | 0.0 | 374.6 |
| Russian Uralic and Khants (15 loci)j | 8.7±2.2 (5.3±1.9 and 4.2±1.2)a | 11.2±2.8 (6.7±2.4 and 5.4±1.8)a | 9.3 | 1.6 | 0.0 | 235.1 | 11.9 | 2.0 | 0.1 | 300.9 | ||
| All | 80 | Star-like | 15.8±5.4 (7.8±3.7 and 5.0±2.2)a | 20.3±7.0 (9.9±4.7 and 6.4±2.8)a | 2.0 | 1.1 | 0.2 | 21.7 | 2.5 | 1.4 | 0.2 | 27.8 |
| N1c (Tat) | ||||||||||||
| Russian Slavick | 18 | Star-like | 8.1±2.5 | 10.3±3.2 | 15.9 | 5.1 | 0.2 | 235.1 | 20.3 | 6.5 | 0.2 | 300.9 |
| Russian Slavic (15 loci)k | 8.3±1.6 | 10.7±2.1 | 18.4 | 9.4 | 0.4 | 231.9 | 23.6 | 12.1 | 0.5 | 296.9 | ||
| Russian Uralicl | 51 | Star-like | 9.5±5.3 (4.5±2.2 and 0.6±0.3)a | 12.1±6.8 (5.8±2.8 and 0.7±0.4)a | 3.2 | 2.4 | 0.7 | 16.4 | 4.1 | 3.1 | 0.9 | 21.0 |
| Russian Uralic (15 loci)l | 11.2±2.8 (5.4 ±1.5 and 2.8±1.3)a | 14.3±3.6 (7.0±1.8 and 3.1±1.6)a | 11.2 | 2.3 | 0.2 | 195.4 | 14.4 | 2.9 | 0.2 | 250.1 | ||
| Russian Slavic and Russian Uralicm | 69 | Star-like | 8.3±3.4 | 10.6±4.8 | 2.0 | 1.6 | 0.1 | 11.3 | 2.6 | 2.1 | 0.1 | 14.4 |
| Russian Slavic and Russian Uralic (15 loci)n | 26.5±5.5 (15.0±2.8 and 2.9±1.3)a | 33.9±7.0 (19.2±3.6 and 3.7±1.6)a | 1.9 | 1.4 | 0.3 | 9.5 | 2.4 | 1.7 | 0.3 | 12.2 | ||
| Asiann | 44 | Star-like | 15.9±4.9 | 20.4±6.2 | 20.0 | 0.9 | 0.0 | 898.7 | 25.5 | 1.2 | 0.0 | 1150.3 |
| Europeano | 399 | Star-like | 9.4±2.6 | 12.1±3.3 | 4.4 | 4.0 | 1.8 | 10.3 | 5.6 | 5.2 | 2.3 | 13.1 |
| All | 443 | Star-like | 10.7±3.4 | 13.6±4.3 | 3.4 | 3.0 | 1.3 | 8.4 | 4.4 | 3.8 | 1.7 | 10.8 |
| N (overall N-N1c) | ||||||||||||
| All | 580 | Star-like | 13.4±4.0 | 17.2±5.1 | 4.0 | 3.4 | 1.5 | 10.5 | 5.2 | 4.4 | 1.9 | 13.5 |
Subclustering of haplotypes led to separate time estimates for each.
Tibet (3), Hani (4), Han (5), Manchu (2), Uygur (2), Xibe (4), Japan (2), Korea (1), China (14), Philippines (1), Cambodia (1).
Tibet (3), Hani (4), Han (5), Manchu (2), Uygur (2), Xibe (4), Japan (2), Korea (1).
Finland (19); Hungary, Sweden (5); Czech Republic (2); England, Poland (2); Latvia, Russia (2); Lithuania (2); Czechoslovakia, Belarus, Germany, Ireland, Norway.
Manchu (2), Buyi (2), Xibe, Kazah.
Manchu, Uygur (2); Oroqen (2); Outer Mongolia (2); Hezhen (8).
Pinega (15); Mezen (4); Krasnoborsk (3); Vologda (2); Belgorod, Cossacs, Livni, Porhov.
Komi Izhemski (9), Komi Priluzski (7).
Komi Izhemski (9), Komi Priluzski (7), Khanty (21).
Arkhangelsk (8), Kursk (5), Tver (5).
Komi Izhemski (28), Komi Priluzski (23).
Arkhangelsk (8), Kursk (5), Tver (5), Komi Izhemski (28), Komi Priluzski (23).
Daur (4); Mongola, Oroqen (2); Xibe (3); Yakut (16); Inner Mongolia (6), Outer Mongolia (5); Han, Uygur (2); Tuva (4).
Arkhangelsk (8), Estonia (6), Finland (312), Komi Izhemski (28), Komi Priluzski (23), Kursk (5), Slovakia (4), Turkey (5), Tver (5), Khanty (3).