. 2010 Feb 3;18(7):815–820. doi: 10.1038/ejhg.2010.2

Table 1. Description of cognitive tests in our battery.

Cognitive test	Description	Cognitive areas	Measures endophenotype in	Estimated heritability
Immediate story recall³²	Immediate recall of contextually organized stories. The phenotype was number of correctly recalled concepts from the stories.	Verbal episodic memory	Schizophrenia³³	0.24–0.32 (word list, not story)^{34, 35}
Delayed story recall³²	30 min delayed recall of contextually organized stories. The phenotype was number of correctly recalled concepts from the stories.	Verbal episodic memory	Schizophrenia³³	0.16–0.47 (word list, not story)^{34, 35}
Trails A³⁶	Rapidly sequence a straightforward numerical series. The phenotype measured was time to completion, regardless of number of errors.	Attention, processing speed	Schizophrenia³³	0.2–0.38^{37, 38}
Trails B³⁶	Cognitive flexibility task requiring the subject to follow a sequential pattern while shifting cognitive sets. The phenotype measured was time to completion, regardless of number of errors.	Attention, processing speed, executive control	Schizophrenia³³ ADHD³⁹	0.26–0.5^{3, 34, 37, 38}
Digit span forward⁴⁰	The phenotype was the maximum number of digits correctly repeated in forward order.	Working memory	Bipolar disorder⁴¹, schizophrenia³³, ADHD⁴²	0.27⁴³
Digit span backward⁴⁰	The phenotype was the maximum number of digits correctly repeated in backward order.	Working memory	Bipolar disorder⁴¹, schizophrenia³³, ADHD⁴²	0.49⁴³
COWA⁴⁴	The subject was given 60 s to think of words beginning with a certain letter. The phenotype was total number of correct words across three letters.	Verbal fluency, executive control	Schizophrenia^{33, 45}	0.31–0.34^{3, 35}
Animals⁴⁶	The phenotype was total number of animals named in 60 s.	Semantic fluency	Schizophrenia⁴⁵	0.16–0.37^{34, 35, 47}
Digit symbol⁴⁰	The subject transcribes numbers into symbols according to a code key, yielding a measure of psychomotor speed and sequencing. The phenotype was number of correct symbols in 120 s.	Processing speed, working memory, executive control	Schizophrenia⁴⁸, ADHD³⁹	0.36–0.68^{2, 3, 37}
Symbol search⁴⁰	The subject rapidly scans groupings of shapes to identify targets among them. The phenotype was number of correct answers in 120 s.	Processing speed, executive control	ADHD³⁹	0.28⁴⁹
Stroop color-word⁵⁰	The phenotype measured was number of correctly named colors, despite word interference, in 45 s.	Attention, executive control	Schizophrenia³³, ADHD³⁹	0.33–0.5^{3, 34}