AAV8 tau gene transfer induces robust lesion of substantia nigra dopamine neurons. (A) GFP immunostaining 4 weeks after injection of 4 × 109 vector genomes of AAV8 GFP. (B) Adjacent section from A showing that this dose led to no change in TH staining on the injected side (right side of image) relative to the contralateral uninjected side. (C) Human tau immunostaining 4 weeks after injection of 6 × 109 vector genomes of AAV5 tau. (D) TH staining on adjacent section from C. (E) Human tau immunostaining 4 weeks after injection of 4 × 109 vector genomes of the AAV8 tau vector. A blank area in the pars compacta devoid of tau staining was always observed after these injections, unlike with AAV5 tau in C. (F) TH staining on an adjacent section from E showing dramatic loss of TH neurons on the side injected with tau, which was not observed with AAV5 in D. Bars: A, 200 μm; B, 320 μm. A, C, and E same magnification; B, D, and F same magnification.