Table 5.
Summary estimates of positive and negative likelihood ratio's, using a bivariate random effects model (102, 103, 105)
| ≥ 102 CFU/ml | ≥ 103 CFU/ml | ≥ 105 CFU/ml | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SYMPTOM | +LR | (95% CI) | -LR | (95% CI) | +LR | (95% CI) | -LR | (95% CI) | +LR | (95% CI) | -LR | (95% CI) |
| Dysuria | 1.30 | (1.20-1.41) | 0.51 | (0.43-0.61) | 1.31 | (1.18-1.45) | 0.53 | (0.43-0.64) | 1.22 | (1.11-1.34) | 0.61 | (0.50-0.74) |
| Frequency | 1.10 | (1.04-1.16) | 0.60 | (0.49-0.74) | 1.12 | (1.03-1.19) | 0.59 | (0.46-0.76) | 1.09 | (1.02-1.16) | 0.58 | (0.42-0.79) |
| Back pain | 0.90 | (0.71-1.14) | 1.07 | (0.90-1.28) | 0.90 | (0.71-1.14) | 1.07 | (0.90-1.28) | ||||
| Fever | 1.28 | (0.64-2.58) | 0.98 | (0.91-1.05) | 1.39 | (0.63-3.07) | 0.96 | (0.88-1.06) | 0.90 | (0.45-1.80) | 1.01 | (0.93-1.10 |
| Flank pain | 0.85 | (0.67-1.08) | 1.07 | (0.98-1.17) | 0.83 | (0.56-1.24) | 1.09 | (0.92-1.29) | ||||
| Hematuria | 1.72 | (1.30-2.27) | 0.88 | (0.83-0.93) | 1.68 | (1.06-2.66) | 0.89 | (0.82-0.98) | ||||
| Lower abdominal pain | 1.01 | (0.89-1.15) | 0.99 | (0.87-1.13) | 1.06 | (0.88-1.29) | 0.96 | (0.83-1.10) | 1.10 | (0.87-1.38) | 0.94 | (0.82-1.08) |
| Nocturia | 1.30 | (1.08-1.56) | 0.75 | (0.60-0.94) | 1.37 | (1.13-1.65) | 0.72 | (0.56-0.93) | ||||
| Urgency | 1.22 | (1.11-1.34) | 0.73 | (0.62-0.86) | 1.28 | (1.11-1.47) | 0.74 | (0.64-0.85) | 1.17 | (1.04-1.31) | 0.70 | (0.57-0.86) |
| Vaginal discharge | 0.65 | (0.51-0.83) | 1.10 | (1.01-1.20) | ||||||||