Figure 2.
Mathematical modeling of the actuation of grippers as a function of moduli of biopolymers. (a) In the initial state both polymers are stiff (moduli higher than 104 Pa) and the entire gripper is flat. (b) When the first biopolymer is degraded and its modulus decreases to approximately 100 Pa, the first set of six hinges bends causing the gripper to close. (c) The remaining 2 hinges bend when the modulus of the second biopolymer trigger is decreased.