Down-regulation of expression of ER chaperones by H. pylori. AGS (A, B, and D–G) or MKN-45 (C) cells were co-cultured with H. pylori at a bacteria:cell ratio of 200:1 (A–C, F, and G) or with H. pylori lysates (D–G) for the indicated periods. Whole cell extracts (A, C, and D) or nuclear extracts (F) were analyzed by immunoblotting with an antibody against ORP150, GRP78, CHOP, ATF6, ATF4, GRP94, GRP58, protein disulfide isomerase (PDI), actin, or lamin. The intensity of each band in three independent experiments (one of them is shown in A, D, and F) was determined and expressed relative to the control (B, E, and G, respectively). Values are the mean ± S.D. (n = 3). **, p < 0.01; *, p < 0.05.