FIGURE 3.

P. berghei glutathione reductase and thioredoxin reductase are dispensable for asexual parasite growth. A, GR(−) (red line) and TrxR(−) (green line) parasites cause high-level parasitemia in vivo. Displayed are in vivo growth curves of WT (blue lines) and knockout parasites. Five naïve animals each were injected intravenously with 1,000 asexual parasites of the respective parasite populations. Parasitemia was determined every 24 h after infection by microscopic examination of Giemsa-stained blood smears. B, in vivo growth curves of WT, GR(−) and TrxR(−) parasites under constant exposure to methylene blue (25 mg/kg/day). Treatment started immediately after infection with 1,000 WT or mutant parasite lines, respectively.