Insertion of nanosensors into yeast cells. Confocal microscopy and bright field pictures of cells with inserted sensors. A and B, fluorescence of Alexa Fluor 488 and Texas Red, respectively. C, bright-field picture. The graphs in D show the fluorescence spectra of the two dyes. The ratio of F520/F605 was estimated as 2.10 ± 0.15 (n = 3), corresponding to an intracellular concentration of 2.6 mm, if we assume total concentration of ATP and ADP of 3.6 mm (11, 32).