Figure 4. Time course of the effects of ulnar paired associative stimulation (PAS) on MEPs in a subgroup of healthy controls (9 subjects) and in three patients with Costello syndrome (CS) for FDI muscle (homotopic effect) and APB muscle (heterotopic effect).

The figure shows that PAS induced an increase of MEP amplitude in both muscle for CS patients, but only in FDI for healthy subjects; values are means ± s.e.m.; T0 = baseline, T1 = immediately after the end of PAS, T2 = 30 min after the end of PAS. *P < 0.05 vs. baseline in the same group, and for the same muscle; §P < 0.05 vs. APB muscle in each time point and in each group; †P < 0.05 vs. the same muscle of controls group.