Table 4.

Bereaved Caregivers' Mental Health Outcomes by Patients' Place of Death

Bereaved Caregivers' Mental Health Outcomes	n	N	%	Patients' Place of Death*
				Intensive Care Unit			Hospital			Home Without Hospice			Home With Hospice
				AOR	95% CI	P†	AOR	95% CI	P†	AOR	95% CI	P†	AOR	95% CI	P†
PTSD‡	10	238	4.2	5.00	1.26 to 19.91	.02	0.16	0.009 to 2.94	.22	0.35	0.02 to 7.19	.49	–	Ref	–
GAD§	4	236	1.7	5.35	0.69 to 41.51	.11	0.47	0.03 to 8.31	.61	0.69	0.03 to 15.68	.81	–	Ref	–
PD‖	9	238	3.8	0.60	0.04 to 9.27	.71	0.95	0.18 to 4.96	.95	0.39	0.02 to 6.75	.52	–	Ref	–
MDD¶	17	239	7.1	3.49	0.86 to 14.22	.08	1.89	0.63 to 5.69	.26	1.34	0.21 to 8.55	.92	–	Ref	–
PGD#	15	142	10.6	5.24	0.62 to 44.36	.13	8.83	1.51 to 51.77	.02	1.98	0.07 to 60.11	.69	–	Ref	–

NOTE. Missing data at follow-up: PGD (n = 191), PTSD (n = 95), GAD (n = 97), PD (n = 95), MDD (n = 94). Number of observations used for analyses examining associations between caregivers' psychiatric illness at follow-up and patients' place of death: PTSD (n = 222 of 333), GAD (n = 217 of 333), PD (n = 218 of 333), MDD (223 of 333), and PGD (142 of 333).

Abbreviations: AOR, adjusted odds ratio; PTSD, posttraumatic stress disorder; GAD, generalized anxiety disorder; PD, panic disorder; MDD, major depressive disorder; PGD, prolonged grief disorder; ANCOVA, two-way analysis of covariance.

^*The reference group for these models is patients who died at home with hospice services.

^†Using logistic regression to control for significant confounders and baseline mental health. Every patient/caregiver variable associated (P < .20) with patients' location of death in univariate analyses was entered into each ANCOVA model, and retained if it remained significant at a level of P < .05 while controlling for other confounders.

^‡Model adjusted for baseline PTSD.

^§Model adjusted for baseline GAD, caregiver age, and functional status.

^‖Model adjusted for baseline PD, caregiver age, and functional status.

^¶Model adjusted for baseline MDD.

^#Model adjusted for preloss grief.