Table 1.

Characteristics of studies included [15–20] (reamed nail/unreamed nail)

Study (country)	Year	No. of tibias	No. of two fracture types tibias (open:closed)	Age (years) (mean)	Outcomes
Court-Brown et al. [15] (UK)	1996	25/25	0:25/0:25	35/36.1	Nonunion, malunion, compartment syndrome, failure of implants
Blachut et al. [16] (Canada)	1997	77/64	0:77/0:64	35/35	Nonunion, infection, failure of implants, malunion, compartment syndrome, embolism
Keating et al. [17] (Canada)	1997	50/44	50:0/44:0	37a	Nonunion, infection, failure of implants, malunion, compartment syndrome, embolism
Nassif et al. [18] ( USA)	2000	24/25	0:24/0:25	36.1a	Compartment syndrome
Larsen et al. [19] (Norway)	2004	21/16	0:21/0:16	41/47.5	Nonunion, malunion, failure of implants, infection, compartment syndrome
Bhandari et al. [20] (Canada, USA and Netherlands)	2008	675/652	221:454/214:438	38.9/39.5	Nonunion, infection, compartment syndrome, failure of implants

^aMean age of all participants