Table 1.

Secondary bent spine syndrome associated with muscular disorders

Causes of myopathy
Dystrophy
Limb–girdle muscular dystrophy
Extensive fascio-scapulo-humeral dystrophy
Neuromuscular disorders
Myotonic muscular dystrophy
Steinert disease
Inflammatory
Focal myositis
Dermatomyositis
Polymyositis
Inclusion body myositis
Endocrine-metabolic
Hypothyroidism
Osteomalacia
Steroid induced
Amyloidosis
Mitochondrial myopathies
Carnitine palmityl-transferase deficiency
Respiratory chain complexes deficiency