Table 3.

Comparison of pre- and post-operative semen analyses between the study and control groups.

Item	n	Volume (ml)	Motility (%)	Survival rate (%)	Density (106/ml)	Normal morphology (%)
control	15	3.3 ± 0.4	64.2 ± 3.4	80.5 ± 2.4	72.8 ± 11.2	15%–27%
preoperative	46	1.7 ± 0.5†	13.6 ± 3.0†	24.5 ± 3.6†	20.6 ± 6.3†	2%–12%†
4 months postop.	46	2.9 ± 0.6*	60.9 ± 4.7*	82.3 ± 4.7*	67.2 ± 13.5*	12%–25%*

*P < .05 versus preoperative group; ^† P > .05 versus control group.