Table 2.

DNA recognition and binding by anti-DNA autoantibodies.

dsDNA	ssDNA
DNA-Recognition Mechanisms	DNA-Recognition Mechanisms
(i) Elusive	(i) Arginine involved [45]
DNA BINDING	DNA BINDING
(i) DNA phosphate backbone [61–63]	(i) Oligo-dT [17, 45]
(ii) Planted antigens [17]	(ii) Involvement of tryptophan and tyrosine in binding [17]
(iii) Cellular membrane proteins [65, 66]	DNA-binding MOTIFS
DNA-binding MOTIFS	(i) -cacc-caccc-accc-cccc blocks [60]
(i) 5′ gcg 3′/3′cgc5′motifs located in dsDNA [60].