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Signaling pathways of NOD1. NOD1 activation induces an interaction between RICK and TRAF3 that results in the production of IFN-β through activation of TBK1, IKKε, and IRF7. IFN-β production leads to production of IP-10 through transactivation of ISGF3 (Stat1-Stat2-IRF9 complex). NF-κB activation induced by NOD1 ligand leads to production of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines such as IL-8.
