Table 4.

Relative hazards of the genotypes, the G × G (gene–gene), and the significant G × E (gene–environment) interactions on survival likelihood at very advanced ages

	Excluding G × G and G × E				Including G × G of 1A-209 and one of three SNPs of FOXO3A, and sign. G × E			Including G × G of 1A-213 and one of three SNPs of FOXO3A, and sign. G × E
Models	I	II	III	IV	V	VI	VII	VIII	IX	X
Demographic and basic SES
Male (female)	1.15	1.21*	1.21	1.34**	1.33**	1.33**	1.33**	1.34**	1.34**	1.33**
Age	1.07***	1.06***	1.06***	1.06***	1.06***	1.06***	1.06***	1.06***	1.06***	1.06***
Urban (rural)	1.05	1.08	1.09	1.02	1.02	1.03	1.02	1.02	1.02	1.02
1+ year of schooling (0)	0.97	1.05	1.05	1.05	1.06	1.06	1.07	1.05	1.05	1.06
Economic independence (no)	0.71	0.77	0.81	0.74	0.73	0.73	0.71	0.72	0.73	0.71
Family and social support
Currently married (no)		0.87	0.88	0.89	0.92	0.92	0.94	0.93	0.92	0.94
Living alone (no)		0.99	1.02	1.01	1.03	1.03	1.03	1.03	1.02	1.02
Close proximity to child (no)		0.95	0.94	0.97	0.97	0.97	0.97	0.97	0.97	0.97
Family member as caregiver (no)		0.97	0.96	1.04	1.00	1.01	0.99	1.02	1.02	1.00
Leisure activities score		0.91**	0.92**	0.99	0.99	0.99	0.99	0.99	0.99	0.98
The resilience score		0.93***	0.94***	0.99	1.00	1.00	1.00	0.99	0.99	0.99
Health practice
Regular exercise (no)			0.82*	0.92	1.11	1.11	1.10	0.93	0.93	0.93
Smoking in recent 5 years (no)			1.06	1.06	1.07	1.07	1.07	1.06	1.06	1.07
Current heavy alcohol drinker (no)			1.08	1.12	1.14	1.14	1.14	1.12	1.11	1.11
DI				19.47***	20.56***	20.71***	20.08***	18.75***	18.43***	18.26***
Main effects of the SNPs
3A-310 (noncarrier of the minor allele)	0.84**	0.84**	0.85**	0.86**	0.76***			0.83
3A-292 (noncarrier of the minor allele)						0.76***			0.84
3A-936 (noncarrier of the minor allele)							0.77***			0.83
1A-209 (noncarrier of the minor allele)					0.86	0.85	0.91
1A-213 (noncarrier of the minor allele)								0.95	0.94	0.99
G × G interactions
(1A-209) × (3A-310)					1.33*
(1A-209) × (3A-292)						1.36*
(1A-209) × (3A-936)							1.21
(1A-213) × (3A-310)								1.05
(1A-213) × (3A-292)									1.06
(1A-213) × (3A-936)										0.98
Significant G×E interactions
(1A-209) × (regular exercise)					0.68*	0.68*	0.69*
−2 Log likelihood	7866	7838	7833	7762	7752	7752	7751	7759	7759	7756
Number of observations	727	727	727	727	727	727	727	727	727	727

Notes: Sample size: 553 women and 174 men, all were aged 92+ in 1998 CLHLS baseline survey and survived to age 100+ in 1998 or a follow-up wave of the CLHLS survey, all of them were Han Chinese from Southern China; the relative hazards (RH) = exp(B), where B is the coefficient of the categorical variable estimated in the Cox proportional hazard models. RH is the ratio of the hazard of death when the variable = 1 as compared to the reference group indicated in the parentheses. Each of the Models I, II, III, and IV has five submodels, and each submodel includes one of the five SNPs (ie, two SNPs of FOXO1A and three SNPs of FOXO3A). The estimates of the relative hazards of the potential confounders among the five submodels within each of the Models I, II, III, and IV are almost identical, with few minor differences up to the second decimal point. In other words, the estimates of the coefficients of the potential confounders in Models I, II, III, and IV were not affected by which SNP was included into the model. Thus, we present only one set of the estimates of the potential confounders in the Models I, II, III, and IV concerning the SNP 3A-310 in Table 4, and the estimates of the relative hazards of the main effects of the other four SNPs (1A-209, 1A-213, 3A-292, and 3A-936) are listed in Table 5. CLHLS = Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey; DI, deficits index; SES, socioeconomic status; SNP = single-nucleotide polymorphism.

*p < .10; **p < .05; ***p < .01.