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. 2010 Nov 23;4(11):e892. doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0000892

Figure 4. MOs neuroprotect, reduces microglial activation and inhibits proinflammatory cytokines production in brain.

Figure 4

Thionin staining of brain sections from all the treatment groups showed neurons with distinct morphology in Sham-treated, JEV+3′ MO and JEV+5′ MO groups. However in sections from JEV-infected and JEV+SC-MO groups showed damaged neurons with altered morphology. Magnification ×20; scale bar correspond to 50 µ. Immunofluorescent staining for microglia-specific Iba-1 performed in brain sections of all groups showed that number of activated (star shaped) microglia appeared to be more frequent in JEV-infected and JEV+SC-MO groups as compared to compared to sections belonging to Sham, JEV+3′ MO and JEV+5′ MO groups. Magnification ×20; scale bar correspond to 50 µ (B). Photomicrographs shown here in this figure are representative of three individual animals from each group. CBA showed levels of MCP-1, IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-6 were increased significantly in both JEV-infected and JEV+SC-MO groups when compared to Sham treated groups. The elevated levels of these proinflammatory cytokines were then significantly reduced with 3′ and 5′ MO treatments (* p<0.01 for JEV and JEV+SC-MO when compared to Sham; # p<0.01 for JEV+ 3′MO and JEV+ 5′ MO when compared to only JEV-infected group) (C–F).