Table 2. The Relationship of Patient, Provider, and Organizational Factors to Initial Diagnosis of Diabetes and Management of an Emerging Foot Neuropathy.

	Undiagnosed Vignette Diabetes Diagnosis		Diagnosed Vignette Perform ≥ 2 exams
	OR¹	p-value	OR¹	p-value
Patient Factors
Age (65 vs. 35)	0.88	0.66	1.41	0.24
Socioeconomic Status (High vs. Low)	0.74	0.30	1.54	0.14
Race (Black vs. White)	2.94	0.004	0.72	0.37
Ethnicity (Hispanic vs. White)	1.66	0.16	0.82	0.59
Gender (Female vs. Male)	0.67	0.18	0.55	0.04
Physician Factors
Gender (Female vs. Male)	1.48	0.18	1.54	0.14
Experience (More vs. Less)	1.62	0.10	0.84	0.56
Physician Work Stress (Higher Values = More Stress)
Overall Stress	0.94	0.75	1.18	0.38
Stress (Effort scale)	0.91	0.61	1.17	0.39
Stress (Reward scale)	0.98	0.89	1.12	0.47
Perceived Autonomy
Clinical Autonomy	1.09	0.83	0.99	0.98
Administrative Autonomy	1.26	0.35	0.96	0.85
Organizational Factors
Practice Size
Solo Practice (vs. Large Group)	1.52	0.24	1.25	0.51
Small Group (vs. Large Group)	0.70	0.35	1.07	0.85
Physician Owned (vs. Non-Physician Owned)	0.83	0.54	1.53	0.15
For-Profit (vs. Non-Profit)	1.47	0.23	1.26	0.47
Practice Culture (High vs. Low)
Collegiality	1.00	0.91	2.18	0.04
Information Emphasis	1.26	0.56	1.79	0.15
Quality Emphasis	0.65	0.29	1.16	0.71
Management Style	1.91	0.08	1.76	0.13
Cohesiveness	1.27	0.59	2.72	0.03
Organizational Trust	3.07	0.004	2.07	0.06
Adaptive	1.61	0.19	0.89	0.75
Autonomy	1.92	0.10	0.45	0.05
Profit Maximization	0.80	0.57	2.01	0.08
Guidelines (Yes vs. No)
Access to Guidelines	0.86	0.69	2.00	0.06
Use guidelines in your practice	0.79	0.52	1.64	0.15
Guidelines affect decisions	1.20	0.59	1.76	0.08
Do you have any disease management tools in your practice?
Any tools	0.87	0.65	1.42	0.23
Audit/Feedback/Tracking reports	1.11	0.74	1.04	0.90
Email/Chat rooms/Bulletin boards	0.28	0.01	2.85	0.07
Specially trained nurse, educator, etc.	1.10	0.82	0.78	0.53
Electronic reminders	1.32	0.50	1.19	0.67
Portable devices for patients	0.69	0.31	0.84	0.64
Email communication with patients	0.77	0.47	1.24	0.56
Use electronic medical record (EMR)	0.79	0.45	1.02	0.96
(Time needed - Time allocated) for patient visits
New patient appointment ²	0.76	0.09	1.05	0.74
Routine Consultation ²	0.84	0.47	1.23	0.42
Complete physical examination ²	0.85	0.24	1.20	0.21

Odds Ratio (OR)

OR is for a 10 minute difference between time needed and time allocated