Table 2.

Gene families noted in two or more studies of neuronal or nervous system responses to alphaherpesvirus infection

Gene family	No. of genesa	Productive	Latency	Reactivation	Referencesb
Immune response—immune system
CD antigen	9 (2)	↑	↑	↑	1, 3, 6, 7
Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand	2 (2)			↑	6, 7
Complement component	6 (1)	↑	↑		2, 3
Fc receptor, IgG, low affinity	2	↑	↑	↑	3, 6
Histocompatibility 2 (H2 locus)	3 (1)	↑	↑		2, 3, 4
Immunity-related GTPase family M member	2	↑	↑	↑	2, 6
Immunoglobulin chain	3		↑	↑	4, 7
Integrin	3	↑	↑	↑	1, 3, 6
Immune response—neuronal
CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein (C/EBP)	3	↑			1, 2
Chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand	3 (1)	↑	↑	↑	1, 3, 4, 6
Chemokine (C-X-C motif) receptor	2 (1)	↑	↑		1, 3
Interferon regulatory factor (IRF)	2 (2)	↑	↑	↑	1, 2, 6
Interleukin (IL)	2 (2)	↑	↑		1, 4
Signal transduction—kinases/phosphatases
Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase (CaMK)	2		↓		4, 6
Dual specificity phosphatase (DUSP)	2 (3)	↑	↑		2, 5
Protein kinase C (PKC) superfamily	2	↓	↓		1, 6
Protein kinase, cAMP-dependent regulatory (PKA family)	2		↓	↓	4, 6
Protein phosphatase (PP2) family	3		↓	↓	3, 5, 6
Signal transduction—G proteins
Guanine nucleotide binding protein, alpha	2	↓	↓		1, 4
Regulator of G-protein signaling (Rgs)	3	↑ ↓	↓	↓	1, 3, 6
Rho GTPase-activating protein (RhoGAP)	2		↓		4, 5
Transcription regulators—developmental
Chromobox homolog	2	↑			1, 2
Delta-like 1	2	↑	↑	↑	1, 6, 7
Kruppel-like factor	3 (1)	↑	↑		1, 5
Zinc finger protein of the cerebellum (Zic)	3	↑	↓		1, 6
Transcription regulators—stress response
Early growth response (Egr)	3	↑	↑		1, 5, 6
FBJ osteosarcoma oncogene (Fos)	3	↑	↑	↑	2, 5, 7
Signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)	2 (2)	↑	↑	↑	1, 3, 6
Intracellular structure and transport
Adaptor-related (AP) protein complex	3	↑ ↓	↓		1, 4
Kinesin family (Kif) member	4 (1)	↑	↓	↑ ↓	1, 4, 6
Neurofilament	2	↑		↓	1, 6
Tubulin, beta (TUBB)	2		↓	↓	4, 6
Proteolysis
Cathepsin	4 (1)	↑	↑	↑	3,4,5,6
Proteasome subunit, beta type	2 (2)	↑ ↓	↑		1, 3
Serine (or cysteine) peptidase inhibitor (serpin)	3	↑		↑	1, 6
Extracellular matrix-related
A disintegrin and metallopeptidase domain (ADAM)	3	↑	↑		1, 3, 5
Collagen	6	↑ ↓	↑ ↓		1, 3, 4
Keratin	2	↑		↑	1, 7
Matrix metallopeptidase (MMP)	4 (1)	↑	↑		1, 5
Metabolic pathways
Carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1	2	↑	↓		1, 4
Mannosidase 2, alpha	2	↑ ↓	↑		1, 3
NADH dehydrogenase	2	↓	↑		1, 4
Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (Pdk)	2	↑	↓		1, 5
Ribosomal protein	6	↓	↑ ↓	↑	1, 4, 6
Others
Ankyrin repeat domain	2		↑		4, 5
Catenin (cadherin associated protein), alpha	2	↓		↓	1, 6
Cysteine-rich secretory protein (CRISP)	2	↑	↑		1, 4
Nuclear receptor subfamily	4 (1)	↑			1, 2
Potassium voltage-gated channels	4	↑	↑ ↓		1, 3, 5
RNA binding motif protein	2	↑	↑		1, 5

^aParentheses indicate number of gene family members observed here that are also part of the generalized host response to pathogens described by Jenner and Young (2005)

^bReferences: (1) Prehaud et al. (2005), (2) Paulus et al. (2006), (3) Kramer et al. (2003), (4) Clement et al. (2008), (5) Danaher et al. (2008), (6) Kent and Fraser (2005), and (7) Clement et al. (2009)

Arrows indicate increases (↑) or decreases (↓) in observed gene expression during specified stages of infection (productive, latency, or reactivation).