Table 2.
Neuropsychological performance by study group and cognitive domain
| Total sample1 | HCV−/SUD−2 | HCV+/SUD−2 | HCV+/SUD+2 | Partial Eta2 | p Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Language | Wilks’ Λ = .95, F(4, 230) = 1.635, p = .166 | .028 | ||||
| Letter Fluency | 10.20 ± 3.31 | 10.70 ± 0.45 | 10.58 ± 0.69 | 9.33 ± 0.54 | .034 | .137 |
| Category Fluency | 0.04 ± 1.03 | 0.20 ± 0.14 | −0.19 ± 0.21 | −0.06 ± 0.17 | .024 | .245 |
| Verbal Memory | Wilks’ Λ = .86, F(6, 228) = 2.95, p = .009 | .083 | ||||
| CVLT-II Total Immediate Recall | 47.93 ± 10.78 | 51.96 ± 1.41ab | 43.63 ± 2.15a | 44.67 ± 1.69b | .121 | .001 |
| CVLT-II Long Delay Free Recall | −0.12 ± 0.88 | 0.04 ± 0.12 | −0.46 ± 0.18 | −0.19 ± 0.14 | .045 | .067 |
| CVLT-II Recognition Correct Hits | −0.46 ± 1.23 | −0.31 ± 0.17 | −0.77 ± 0.26 | −0.68 ± 0.20 | .026 | .214 |
| Visuospatial Memory | Wilks’ Λ = .914, F(8, 194) =1.12, p = .351 | .044 | ||||
| BVMT-R Total Immediate Recall | 39.39 ± 10.72 | 42.93 ± 1.43 | 36.61 ± 2.44 | 37.72 ± 1.83 | .071 | .025 |
| BVMT-R Delayed Recall | 44.72 ± 13.04 | 47.79 ± 1.76 | 41.89 ± 3.02 | 43.28 ± 2.26 | .039 | .135 |
| RCF Immediate Recall | −0.27 ± 0.82 | −0.12 ± 0.12 | −0.42 ± 0.20 | −0.38 ± 0.15 | .028 | .242 |
| RCF Delayed Recall | −0.31 ± 0.83 | −0.18 ± 0.12 | −0.42 ± 0.20 | −0.45 ± 0.15 | .025 | .287 |
| Auditory Attention | Wilks’ Λ = .893, F(4, 230) = 3.33, p = .011 | .055 | ||||
| WAIS-III Digit Span | 10.30 ± 2.73 | 11.96 ± 0.36a | 9.04 ± 0.55a | 10.08 ± 0.43 | .091 | .004 |
| WAIS-III Letter Number Sequencing |
10.56 ± 2.75 | 11.37 ± 0.36a | 9.71 ± 0.54a | 10.28 ± 0.43 | .064 | .022 |
| Speeded Visual Information Processing/Attention |
Wilks’ Λ = .753, F(10, 208) = 3.17, p = .001 | .132 | ||||
| Trail A | 45.64 ± 9.84 | 46.06 ± 1.40 | 44.85 ± 2.28 | 44.42 ±1.66 | .008 | .636 |
| Trail B | 46.73 ± 9.09 | 48.47 ± 1.27 | 44.75 ± 2.06 | 45.82 ± 1.50 | .028 | .211 |
| WAIS-III Digit Symbol | 8.97 ± 2.73 | 10.17 ± 0.35a | 9.05 ± 0.58 | 7.68 ± 0.42a | .161 | .000 |
| D-KEFS CWIT Inhibition | 9.64 ± 3.18 | 10.13 ± 0.44 | 8.75 ± 0.72 | 9.55 ± 0.52 | .025 | .249 |
| D-KEFS CWIT Switching | 10.51 ± 2.69 | 11.0 ± 0.36 | 10.80 ± 0.59 | 10.00 ± 0.42 | .030 | .192 |
| Motor Speed | Wilks’ Λ = .944, F(8, 204) = .749, p = .648 | .029 | ||||
| Finger Tapping Dominant | 39.59 ± 8.49 | 40.20 ± 1.21 | 39.10 ± 1.88 | 37.53 ± 1.44 | .019 | .368 |
| Finger Tapping Nondominant | 43.29 ± 9.50 | 43.06 ± 1.33 | 44.14 ± 2.10 | 44.08 ± 1.58 | .003 | .849 |
| Pegboard Dominant | 42.93 ± 9.74 | 45.38 ± 2.17 | 42.28 ± 1.39 | 45.81 ± 1.65 | .014 | .477 |
| Pegboard Nondominant | 43.45 ± 9.17 | 44.72 ± 2.04 | 43.51 ± 1.31 | 44.14 ± 1.56 | .003 | .874 |
| Visuomotor Construction | ||||||
| RCF Copy | −0.67 ± 1.28 | −0.63 ± 0.17 | −0.81 ± 0.26 | −0.51 ± 0.21 | .007 | .661 |
| Reasoning/Mental Flexibility | Wilks’ Λ = .817, F(6, 228) = 4.03, p = .001 | .096 | ||||
| D-KEFS Sorting Correct Sorts | 9.69 ± 2.69 | 10.73 ± 0.35ab | 8.87 ± 0.53a | 8.56 ± 0.41b | .140 | .000 |
| D-KEFS Proverbs Free Inquiry | 9.34 ± 2.75 | 10.09 ± 0.37a | 9.17 ± 0.56 | 8.23 ± 0.44a | .084 | .006 |
| WAIS-III Matrix Reasoning | 11.43 ± 2.82 | 12.27 ± 0.37ab | 10.50 ± 0.57a | 10.64 ± 0.45b | .088 | .005 |
Note. Variables with the same superscript yielded significant univariate effects (p ≤ .05) using post hoc Scheffe tests. BVMT-R = Brief Visuospatial Memory Test, revised; CVLT-II = California Verbal Learning Test, second edition; CWIT = Color–Word Interference Test; D-KEFS = Delis-Kaplin Executive Functioning System; HCV = currently infected with chronic hepatits C virus; RCF = Rey Complex Figure; SUD = history of substance use disorder, currently in remission; WAIS-III = Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale, third edition.
1
Data expressed as the mean ± standard deviation.
2
Data expressed as estimated marginal means ± standard error.