Table 2.
Traditional cardiovascular risk factors and vascular parameters of patients and healthy controls
| CTL (n = 30) | SLE (n = 30) | EH (n = 20) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | 42 ± 11 | 41 ± 10 | 49 ± 15 |
| Female, n (%) | 26 (87%) | 26 (87%) | 12 (60%) |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 24 ± 2.6 | 25 ± 5.0 | 25 ± 3.7 |
| Blood pressure, mmHg | |||
| Systolic | 120 ± 9 | 125 ± 17 | 151 ± 15**## |
| Diastolic | 70 ± 6 | 72 ± 10 | 88 ± 9**## |
| Dyslipidaemia, n (%) | 14 (47%) | 15 (50%) | 13 (65%) |
| Smokers, n (%) | 3 (10%) | 9 (30%)* | 3 (15%)# |
| Family history CVD, n | 5 (17%) | 5 (17%) | 7 (35%) |
| HbA1c (%) | 5.4 ± 0.3 | 5.7 ± 0.7 | 5.3 ± 0.4 |
| Statins, n (%) | 0 | 1 (3%) | 3 (15%)* |
| Antihypertensives, n (%) | 0 | 9 (30%)** | 0 |
| Beta-blockers | 0 | 4 (13%)* | 0 |
| ACE inhibitors | 0 | 5 (17%)* | 0 |
| Calcium antagonists | 0 | 1 (3%) | 0 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 0 | 9 (30%)** | 20 (100%)**## |
| SAE, ml/mmHg × 100 | 8.1 ± 2.6 | 6.4 ± 2.7** | 5.2 ± 3.8** |
| AF, AU | 1.9 ± 0.4 | 2.1 ± 0.5* | 2.3 ± 0.5** |
| IMT, mm | |||
| Mean Maximum | 0.72 (0.69 to 0.87) | 0.71 (0.68 to 0.77) | 0.89 (0.76 to 0.99)* ## |
| Mean | 0.64 (0.59 to 0.70) | 0.61 (0.57 to 0.66) | 0.75 (0.67 to 0.86)** ## |
| C-reactive protein, mg/l | 0.8 (0.4 to 1.5) | 1.8 (0.5 to 4.5)* | 1.7 (0.5 to 2.8) |
| VCAM-1, ng/ml | 371 ± 101 | 548 ± 165** | 393 ± 111## |
| vWf, % | 67 (46 to 88) | 130 (89 to 223)** | 78 (50 to 177)# |
| TM, ng/ml | 1.6 (1.2 to 1.7) | 1.7 (1.2 to 2.3) | 1.8 (1.5 to 2.6)* |
Unless stated otherwise, data are expressed as mean ± standard deviation when normally distributed and as median (interquartile range) when non-normally distributed. ACE, angiotensin converting enzyme; AF, autofluorescence; AU, arbitrary units; BMI, body mass index; CrCl, creatinine clearance; CRP, C-reactive protein; CTL, healthy controls; CVD, cardiovascular disease; EH, essential hypertension patients; HbA1c, hemoglobulin A1c; IMT, intima media thickness; SAE, small artery elasticity; SLE, SLE patients; TM, thrombomodulin; VCAM-1, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1; vWf, von Willebrand factor. Patients versus controls: * P ≤ 0.05, ** P ≤ 0.01. EH patients versus SLE patients: # P ≤ 0.05, ## P ≤ 0.01.