FIGURE 2.

Ipaf is activated in response to cytosolic L. monocytogenes flagellin. A, LPS stimulated macrophages were transfected with purified flagellin from S. typhimurium (FljB) or L. monocytogenes (FlaA) or hook protein (FlgE) (negative control). IL-1β secretion was assessed after 1 h by ELISA. B, LPS stimulated WT or Ipaf^−/− BMM were transfected with 31 ng of either FlaA or FlgE and IL-1β secretion was assessed after 2 h. Representative of three independent experiments.*, p < 0.05.