Table 1.

Association of obesity with cancer risk in human studies.

Type of cancer	Epidemiological studies / Clinical trials	References
Breast Cancer	Three fold increased risk in women with a BMI in the obese range	[6]
	Obese patients more likely to have hormone-negative tumors, stage III tumors and worse overall survival	[7]
	BMI>/=30 or WHR >/= 0.85 associated with increased risk of death	[8]
	Increased mortality in obese women compared with ideal weight women	[11]
Prostate Cancer	Higher risk of PCa mortality in overweight and obese men compared with men of a healthy weight at baseline	[31]
	High weight gain was inversely associated with PCa	[33]
	Obesity was associated with poorer tumor prognostic characteristics and decreased biochemical relapse-free survival, particularly in African-American men	[34]
	BMI was inversely related to PCa risk	[35], [36]
	Positive correlation between BMI and PCa incidence	[37]
Lung Cancer	Positive association of a high WHR in current and former smokers	[50]
	Inverse association of BMI with lung cancer risk in both current smokers and former smokers	[51]
	Inverse association between BMI and lung cancer in men and no association was found in women	[52]
Colon Cancer	Abdominal obesity was associated with an increased risk of colorectal adenoma	[75]
	29.5% of all colon cancer cases were attributable to BMI>22.5	[76]
	A 5-unit increase in BMI was related to an increased risk of colon cancer in both men and women	[77]
	Higher BMI was associated with an increased risk of colorectal cancer	[79]