. 2010 Aug 20;16(12):3647–3655. doi: 10.1089/ten.tea.2009.0738

Table 1.

Overview of the Effect of Different Pathway Inhibitors on the Bone Morphogenetic Protein 4-Induced Osteogenic Differentiation of Muscle-Derived Stem Cells

			Assay results
			Gene expression
Inhibitor used	Pathway inhibited	Proliferation	Alp	Runx2	Osx	ALP activity	Mineralization
PD98059	ERK1/2	—	↑	↑	—	↑^a	↑^a
SB203580	p38 MAPK	—	↓^a	—	↓^a	↓^a	↓^a
Ly294002	PI3K	↓^a	↑	↑^a	↑^a	↓^a	↑^a

^{^a}

Increase or decrease that is statistically significant (p < 0.05).

ALP, alkaline phosphatase; ERK, extracellular signal-regulated kinases; MAPK, mitogen-activated protein kinase; PI3K, phosphatidyl inositol 3-kinase.