Table 1.
Baseline demographics and psychiatric and substance use history
| Control (n=163) | Therapy (n=164) | |
|---|---|---|
| Age (mean (SD)) | 38.3 (10.0) | 37.4 (9.4) |
| Gender (n male (%)) | 137 (84.0) | 146 (89.0) |
| Current living arrangements | ||
| Alone | 81 (49.7) | 71 (43.3) |
| With family or partner | 41 (25.2) | 57 (34.8) |
| House share, hostel, or temporary | 41 (25.2) | 36 (22.0) |
| Ethnicity | ||
| White | 131 (80.4) | 135 (82.3) |
| Black | 18 (11.0) | 17 (10.4) |
| Asian | 4 (2.5) | 8 (4.9) |
| Other | 10 (6.1) | 4 (2.4) |
| Age on leaving education (mean (SD)) | 16.2 (2.1) | 16.0 (1.6) |
| Employment | ||
| Unemployed | 150 (92.0) | 153 (93.3) |
| Employed, retired, or student | 13 (8.0) | 11 (6.7) |
| History of psychosis (years; mean (SD)) | 12.8 (9.8) | 11.6 (8.7) |
| Case note diagnosis | ||
| Schizophrenia | 134 (82.2) | 133 (81.1) |
| Schizophreniform disorder | 3 (1.8) | 1 (0.6) |
| Schizoaffective disorder | 14 (8.6) | 13 (7.9) |
| Psychosis not otherwise specified | 12 (7.4) | 17 (10.4) |
| History in pre-baseline year | ||
| Admitted | 32 (19.6) | 46 (28.0) |
| Relapsed | 54 (33.1) | 68 (41.5) |
| Drug attitude inventory compliance rating | 133 (81.6) | 138 (84.1) |
| Usual care provided by assertive outreach and dual diagnosis service rather than by community mental health team | 13 (8.0) | 11 (6.7) |
| History of substance use (years; mean (SD)) | 14.5 (9.6) | 13.1 (9.8) |
| Alcohol use disorders identification test* (0-40 scale; mean (SD)) | 21.5 (7.8) | 21.1 (7.6) |
| Drug abuse screening test† (0-20 scale; mean (SD)) | 8.2 (4.2) | 9.4 (4.4) |
| DSM-IV diagnosis (main substance) | ||
| Dependence | 132 (81.0) | 140 (85.4) |
| Abuse | 31 (19.0) | 24 (14.6) |
| Substance types with DSM-IV diagnosis‡ | ||
| Alcohol only | 80 (49.1) | 77 (47.0) |
| Drug only | 56 (34.4) | 60 (36.6) |
| Alcohol and drug | 27 (16.6) | 27 (16.5) |
Values are n (%) unless otherwise specified.
*Participants with main substance alcohol; scores >15 reflect “high problems.”
†Participants with main substance a drug; scores between 6 and 10 reflect “moderate problems.”
‡Meeting Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fourth edition (DSM-IV), diagnosis of dependence on or abuse of drugs, alcohol, or both.