Table 5.
Mean (SD) scores and robust treatment effect estimates: positive and negative syndrome scale, global assessment of functioning, and number and duration of admissions and relapses
| Control | Therapy | Robust treatment effect estimates | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | Mean (SD) | n | Mean (SD) | Coefficient (95% CI) | SE | P value | |
| Positive and negative syndrome scale* | |||||||
| Baseline | — | — | |||||
| Positive | 163 | 16.11 (5.50) | 164 | 15.92 (5.16) | — | — | — |
| Negative | 163 | 13.44 (4.13) | 164 | 14.49 (4.77) | — | — | — |
| General | 163 | 31.63 (7.53) | 164 | 33.24 (8.01) | — | — | — |
| Total | 163 | 61.17 (13.25) | 164 | 63.65 (14.26) | — | — | — |
| 12 months | |||||||
| Positive | 137 | 14.59 (5.35) | 137 | 14.62 (4.85) | −0.01 (−1.00 to 0.99) | 0.51 | 0.93 |
| Negative | 137 | 12.97 (4.08) | 137 | 13.36 (4.65) | −0.31 (−1.20 to 0.58) | 0.45 | 0.49 |
| General | 137 | 27.74 (6.94) | 137 | 29.85 (7.52) | 0.85 (−0.60 to 2.30) | 0.74 | 0.25 |
| Total | 137 | 55.30 (12.98) | 137 | 57.82 (14.10) | 0.27 (−2.31 to 2.86) | 1.31 | 0.84 |
| 24 months | |||||||
| Positive | 118 | 13.55 (5.22) | 129 | 14.07 (5.38) | 0.48 (−0.59 to 1.55) | 0.54 | 0.37 |
| Negative | 118 | 12.46 (3.78) | 129 | 12.62 (4.24) | −0.29 (−1.19 to 0.61) | 0.46 | 0.53 |
| General | 118 | 25.84 (6.44) | 129 | 27.87 (7.80) | 1.06 (−0.49 to 2.60) | 0.78 | 0.18 |
| Total | 118 | 51.85 (11.57) | 129 | 54.56 (14.70) | 1.02 (−1.76 to 3.80) | 1.41 | 0.47 |
| Global assessment of functioning† | |||||||
| Baseline | |||||||
| Symptoms | 160 | 40.22 (15.66) | 163 | 39.32 (14.58) | — | — | — |
| Disability | 160 | 40.57 (9.58) | 163 | 38.74 (7.19) | — | — | — |
| Total | 160 | 34.99 (10.10) | 163 | 33.57 (7.59) | — | — | — |
| 12 months | |||||||
| Symptoms | 134 | 41.87 (15.60) | 135 | 41.06 (15.63) | −0.69 (−2.31 to 2.86) | 1.75 | 0.84 |
| Disability | 134 | 40.28 (8.56) | 135 | 39.25 (8.96) | −0.13 (−1.98 to 1.73) | 1.67 | 0.89 |
| Total | 134 | 35.60 (9.36) | 135 | 34.96 (9.46) | −0.11 (−2.16 to 1.95) | 1.04 | 0.92 |
| 24 months | |||||||
| Symptoms | 115 | 44.46 (16.69) | 119 | 42.92 (17.14) | −1.43 (−5.48 to 2.62) | 2.06 | 0.49 |
| Disability | 115 | 40.12 (11.51) | 119 | 39.70 (9.61) | 0.17 (−2.44 to 2.78) | 1.32 | 0.90 |
| Total | 115 | 36.18 (10.27) | 119 | 35.97 (10.93) | 0.28 (−2.19 to 2.76) | 1.26 | 0.82 |
| Admissions in past 12 months | |||||||
| Number of admissions | |||||||
| Baseline | 162 | 0.28 (0.63) | 161 | 0.41 (0.82) | — | — | — |
| 12 months | 162 | 0.22 (0.63) | 163 | 0.22 (0.58) | −0.01 (−0.14 to 0.12) | 0.07 | 0.92 |
| 24 months | 159 | 0.19 (0.49) | 162 | 0.27 (0.65) | 0.08 (−0.05 to 0.20) | 0.06 | 0.22 |
| Days admitted | |||||||
| Baseline | 162 | 10.86 (32.43) | 161 | 14.63 (37.30) | — | — | — |
| 12 months | 162 | 10.35 (38.31) | 163 | 12.64 (46.46) | 2.32 (−7.16 to 11.80) | 4.82 | 0.63 |
| 24 months | 159 | 14.01 (52.21) | 162 | 15.74 (44.59) | 1.53 (−9.48 to 12.54) | 5.60 | 0.78 |
| Relapses in past 12 months | |||||||
| Number of relapses | |||||||
| Baseline | 161 | 0.40 (0.60) | 161 | 0.53 (0.71) | — | — | — |
| 12 months | 161 | 0.27 (0.54) | 161 | 0.30 (0.58) | 0.02 (−0.10 to 0.15) | 0.06 | 0.71 |
| 24 months | 159 | 0.23 (0.45) | 161 | 0.27 (0.55) | 0.04 (−0.07 to 0.15) | 0.06 | 0.45 |
| Days in relapse | |||||||
| Baseline | 161 | 48.96 (91.70) | 161 | 62.04 (97.45) | — | — | — |
| 12 months | 161 | 37.08 (76.84) | 161 | 53.98 (95.56) | 15.90 (−2.89 to 34.69) | 9.55 | 0.10 |
| 24 months | 159 | 40.23 (87.32) | 161 | 40.48 (81.55) | −1.86 (−20.58 to 16.85) | 9.51 | 0.85 |
*The ranges of possible scores in the positive and negative syndrome scale are as follows: positive subscale 7-49; negative subscale 7-49; general subscale 16-112; and total subscale 30-210.
†Global assessment of functioning symptoms subscale, disability subscale, and total score are all scored from 0-100.