Figure 1.
Regulation of neural stem cell (NSC) proliferation and differentiation by TLX through epigenetic modulation. TLX recruits histone deacetylases (HDACs) and the lysine-specific histone demethylase 1 (LSD1) to the promoters of its target genes, such as the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor, p21, and the tumor suppressor gene, pten, to repress their expression, which in turn maintains neural stem cells in the undifferentiated and self-renewable state. Potential TLX ligands (L) may trigger release of the corepressor complex and lead to the recruitment of a coactivator complex, to activate TLX target genes, which in turn lead to inhibition of cell proliferation and induction of differentiation.