Figure 7.

Starting with the text “differences in warfarin requirements”, we extracted the raw entity “warfarin_requirements_differences” and then apply normalization using the PHARE ontology. The first step ensures that the standard name for warfarin is used (here, Coumadin would have been mapped to warfarin, had it been used). Warfarin is the seed and the concept associated with it, noted C_seed, is Drug according to the ontology. The second step maps “requirements” to the standard ontological concept of dose, and the final step maps “differences” to the ontology concept of variation. Having learned these mappings on our initial training corpus, we can apply them broadly and prospectively to new sentences.