Table 2.
Comorbidity Expressed as Odds Ratios of DSM-IV Alcohol Use Disorders and Random Criteria Sets with Other Psychiatric Disorders
| Comorbid Dx | AUD Dx | DSM-IV OR |
Mdn OR |
OR Range |
%ile | % D > A |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Major Depression | Dependence | 3.9 | 4.4 | 3.4 – 6.8 | 25th | 100 |
| Abuse (w/o D) | 1.1 | 1.6 | 1.1 – 2.7 | 2nd | ||
| Abuse (w or w/out D) | 2.2 | 2.5 | 2.0 – 4.4 | 18th | ||
| Dysthymia | Dependence | 3.1 | 3.4 | 2.6 – 5.6 | 28th | 100 |
| Abuse (w/o D) | 0.6 | 1.3 | 0.6 – 2.2 | 1st | ||
| Abuse (w or w/out D) | 1.7 | 2.0 | 1.6 – 3.9 | 12th | ||
| Bipolar I | Dependence | 6.4 | 6.1 | 4.6 – 9.5 | 61st | 100 |
| Abuse (w/o D) | 1.0 | 2.3 | 0.8 – 4.4 | 1st | ||
| Abuse (w or w/out D) | 2.9 | 3.8 | 2.7 – 7.2 | 8th | ||
| Bipolar II | Dependence | 4.6 | 4.9 | 4.1 – 6.3 | 28th | 100 |
| Abuse (w/o D) | 1.3 | 2.0 | 0.4 – 2.9 | 1st | ||
| Abuse (w or w/out D) | 3.0 | 3.2 | 2.7 – 4.9 | 18th | ||
| Panic w/o ag. | Dependence | 2.3 | 2.4 | 1.9 – 3.0 | 24th | 97.8 |
| Abuse (w/o D) | 1.2 | 1.3 | 1.0 – 3.2 | 12th | ||
| Abuse (w or w/out D) | 1.7 | 1.7 | 1.5 – 3.0 | 56th | ||
| Panic w/ ag. | Dependence | 4.1 | 4.5 | 3.2 – 6.3 | 29th | 100 |
| Abuse (w/o D) | 1.4 | 1.8 | 0.8 – 2.8 | 6th | ||
| Abuse (w or w/out D) | 2.5 | 2.9 | 2.4 – 4.1 | 6th | ||
| Social Phobia | Dependence | 2.7 | 2.9 | 2.3 – 4.1 | 29th | 98.2 |
| Abuse (w/o D) | 1.1 | 1.5 | 1.0 – 2.7 | 3rd | ||
| Abuse (w or w/out D) | 1.7 | 2.0 | 1.6 – 3.0 | 10th | ||
| Specific Phobia | Dependence | 1.8 | 1.9 | 1.6 – 2.4 | 41st | 99.1 |
| Abuse (w/o D) | 1.1 | 1.3 | 1.0 – 1.9 | 1st | ||
| Abuse (w or w/out D) | 1.4 | 1.5 | 1.3 – 2.0 | 5th | ||
| GAD | Dependence | 3.1 | 3.5 | 2.7 – 4.5 | 19th | 100 |
| Abuse (w/o D) | 0.9 | 1.5 | 0.8 – 2.7 | 1st | ||
| Abuse (w or w/out D) | 1.8 | 2.2 | 1.7 – 3.7 | 10th | ||
| Paranoid PD | Dependence | 4.4 | 5.2 | 3.9 – 8.1 | 16th | 100 |
| Abuse (w/o D) | 1.2 | 1.7 | 1.1 – 3.2 | 3rd | ||
| Abuse (w or w/out D) | 2.7 | 2.8 | 2.3 – 5.8 | 25th | ||
| Schizoid PD | Dependence | 3.2 | 3.4 | 2.7 – 4.7 | 27th | 100 |
| Abuse (w/o D) | 1.0 | 1.4 | 1.0 – 2.2 | 2nd | ||
| Abuse (w or w/out D) | 1.9 | 2.1 | 1.7 – 3.3 | 19th | ||
| Schizotypal PD | Dependence | 2.8 | 3.3 | 2.4 – 5.1 | 18th | 100 |
| Abuse (w/o D) | 1.0 | 1.5 | 1.0 – 2.2 | 1st | ||
| Abuse (w or w/out D) | 1.9 | 2.1 | 1.7 – 3.8 | 10th | ||
| Histrionic PD | Dependence | 7.0 | 7.5 | 6.1 – 10.5 | 23rd | 100 |
| Abuse (w/o D) | 1.4 | 2.5 | 1.3 – 4.4 | 1st | ||
| Abuse (w or w/out D) | 3.7 | 4.6 | 3.3 – 8.2 | 9th | ||
| Borderline PD | Dependence | 4.0 | 4.5 | 3.5 – 6.8 | 18th | 100 |
| Abuse (w/o D) | 1.2 | 1.7 | 1.1 – 2.9 | 2nd | ||
| Abuse (w or w/out D) | 2.4 | 2.6 | 2.1 – 5.1 | 31st | ||
| Narcissistic PD | Dependence | 2.9 | 3.4 | 2.7 – 5.0 | 8th | 100 |
| Abuse (w/o D) | 1.1 | 1.4 | 1.0 – 1.9 | 3rd | ||
| Abuse (w or w/out D) | 2.1 | 2.0 | 1.8 – 3.6 | 50th | ||
| Antisocial | Dependence | 6.4 | 7.6 | 5.7 – 11.4 | 12th | 100 |
| Abuse (w/o D) | 2.3 | 2.2 | 1.8 – 4.8 | 66th | ||
| Abuse (w or w/out D) | 4.9 | 4.2 | 3.5 – 9.3 | 84th | ||
| Dependent PD | Dependence | 7.9 | 10.1 | 6.7 – 18.6 | 9th | 100 |
| Abuse (w/o D) | 1.1 | 1.5 | 0.0 – 3.0 | 9th | ||
| Abuse (w or w/out D) | 4.1 | 4.7 | 3.4 – 10.5 | 19th | ||
| Ob-Comp PD | Dependence | 2.2 | 2.3 | 1.9 – 3.2 | 30th | 100 |
| Abuse (w/o D) | 1.1 | 1.4 | 1.0 – 1.6 | 2nd | ||
| Abuse (w or w/out D) | 1.5 | 1.7 | 1.5 – 2.3 | 10th | ||
| Avoidant PD | Dependence | 4.3 | 4.8 | 3.4 – 7.6 | 27th | 99.1 |
| Abuse (w/o D) | 1.1 | 1.6 | 1.0 – 3.9 | 1st | ||
| Abuse (w or w/out D) | 2.5 | 2.7 | 2.0 – 5.5 | 28th |
Note. Dx = diagnosis; AUD = alcohol use disorder; OR = Odds Ratio; %ile = percentile; % D > A = Percentage of 330 permutations in which dependence criteria sets have greater odds ratios than abuse criteria sets; GAD = generalized anxiety disorder; ag = agoraphobia; PD = personality disorder; Abuse (w/o D) = alcohol abuse assuming hierarchical decision rule; Abuse (w or w/out D) = alcohol abuse with no hierarchical decision rule.