Table 2.

Effects of various extracts of M. elengi bark on oxalate, calcium, phosphate in rats

Parameter (unit)	Group I, control	Group II, calculi induced	Group III, cystone treated	Curative regimen			Preventive regimen
				Group IV, PtE	Group V, ChE	Group VI, AlE	Group VII, PtE	Group VIII, ChE	Group IX, AlE
Urine (mg/dL)
Oxalate	0.28 ± 0.01	2.61 ± 0.17*a	0.46 ± 0.10*	2.28 ± 0.30	2.40 ± 0.20	1.30 ± 0.18*	2.20 ± 0.20	2.18 ± 0.40	0.84 ± 0.02*
Calcium	1.18 ± 0.03	3.85 ± 0.18*a	1.34 ± 0.10*	3.52 ± 0.36	3.38 ± 0.32	2.18 ± 0.19*	3.22 ± 0.30	3.20 ± 0.22	2.10 ± 0.14*
Phosphate	2.96 ± 0.04	6.82 ± 0.13*a	3.36 ± 0.03*	6.50 ± 0.28	6.56 ± 0.47	4.62 ± 0.12*	5.89 ± 0.29*	6.20 ± 0.30	3.31 ± 0.16*
Kidney (mg/g)
Oxalate	1.36 ± 0.02	4.85 ± 0.11*a	2.15 ± 0.03*	4.12 ± 0.38	4.52 ± 0.18	3.18 ± 0.08*	4.25 ± 0.24	4.38 ± 0.26	2.28 ± 0.01*
Calcium	3.02 ± 0.03	4.94 ± 0.21*a	1.82 ± 0.27*	4.26 ± 0.32	4.30 ± 0.22	3.22 ± 0.11††	4.42 ± 0.38	4.32 ± 0.44	2.50 ± 0.28*
Phosphate	2.58 ± 0.04	3.88 ± 0.11*a	1.62 ± 0.03*	3.66 ± 0.36	3.37 ± 0.14	3.00 ± 0.06*	3.46 ± 0.21	3.35 ± 0.16	3.22 ± 0.08*
Serum (mg/dL)
BUN	38.21 ± 0.16	52.67 ± 0.46*a	42.60 ± 0.38*	52.50 ± 0.62	53.26 ± 0.28	48.25 ± 0.63*	52.88 ± 0.32	54.20 ± 0.68	42.30 ± 0.12*
Creatinine	0.56 ± 0.03	0.98 ± 0.08*a	0.58 ± 0.01†	0.88 ± 0.20	0.84 ± 0.10	0.62 ± 0.03†	0.68 ± 0.11	0.64 ± 0.03	0.61± 0.06†
Uric acid	1.26 ± 0.04	3.48 ± 0.11*a	1.88 ± 0.03*	3.18 ± 0.07	3.32 ± 0.27	2.38 ± 0.09*	3.42 ± 0.28	3.28 ± 0.10	2.18 ± 0.01*

Data were analysed by ANOVA followed by Dunnett’s test. All values are expressed as mean ± SEM (n = 6);

^*aComparisions are made with Group I;

^†P < 0.05.

^††P < 0.01.

^*P < 0.001.